overfire

From over- (prefix meaning ‘above, higher; excessively’) +‎ fire.^[1]

• Adjective:
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈəʊvəfaɪə/
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈoʊvɚˌfaɪ(ə)ɹ/
• Verb:
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌəʊvəˈfaɪə/
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌoʊvɚˈfaɪ(ə)ɹ/
• Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: over‧fire

overfire (not comparable)

1. Of a boiler, furnace, or other heating device: relating to components or other things that are located above the fire.
   • 1952 December, William S. Major, “The Theory and Practice in the Use of Overfire Jets”, in The Michigan Technic, volume LXXI, number 3, page 13:

     In the interest of smoke abatement, overfire jets are now installed on thousands of commercial and industrial coal-fired furnaces. [...] The overfire jet is a device for providing turbulence and/or overfire air above the fuel bed of hand-fired and stoker-fired furnaces.

   • 1989 October, Central Boiler Plants (Technical Manual; TM 5-650), : Headquarters, Department of the Army, →OCLC, page 1-13:

     Volatile matter in the vapor form and carbon monoxide just above the bed must be fully mixed with overfire air to complete the combustion process. At low firing rates it is important to minimize the amount of overfire air to prevent cooling of the volatile matter resulting in incomplete combustion and soot formation.

   • 2001, Karl B. Schnelle, Jr., Charles A. Brown, Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 245:

     The primary flame zone can be operated fuel rich to reduce oxygen concentration, then additional air can be added downstream. This overfire air provides oxygen to complete combustion of unburned fuel and oxidizes carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, creating a second combustion zone. Because there is so little fuel in this overfire zone, the peak flame temperature is low.

   • 2008, Sjaak Van Loo, Jaap Koppejan, editors, The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co-firing, London, Sterling, Va.: Earthscan, →ISBN, page 118:

     Over-fire boilers are the simplest and cheapest domestic boilers for burning wood logs. [...] In over-fire boilers, combustion takes place in the whole fuel batch more or less at the same time, as in wood-stoves. The boiler is normally equipped with a primary air inlet under the grate and a secondary air inlet over the fuel batch, into the gas combustion zone.

• over-fire

overfire (third-person singular simple present overfires, present participle overfiring, simple past and past participle overfired)

1. (transitive) To create too large a fire in a fireplace, furnace, firebox, etc.

   Synonym: overstoke

   • 1961 February, ""Balmore"", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives - Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 110:

     I found that the Chapelon steamed almost too freely, because on a strange locomotive and road one usually tends to overfire a little through a natural lack of confidence.

   • 1985, Code of Federal Regulations: Commercial Practices , Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office for the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Service and General Services Administration, page 322:

     Overfiring the appliance may cause a house fire. If a unit or chimney connector glows, you are overfiring.

   • 1987 September, Citizens’ Committee for Fire Protection, International Society of Fire Service Instructors, Alternative Heater Fires: A Critical Review of Safety Issues, : United States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, →OCLC, page 41:

     We have so far concentrated on creosote fires as a source of elevated flue gas temperatures. But overfiring the stove or fireplace – building a large, hot fire – can also produce very high temperatures.

2. (transitive, ceramics) To fire at a high (or excessively high) temperature.

   Antonym: underfire

   • , Installing and Operating Paragon P-Series Electric Kilns [instruction manual], Dallas, Tex.: Paragon Industries, page 19:

     BUBBLES IN GLAZE may be caused by too heavy an application, or by severe underfiring or overfiring. [...] LOSS OF COLOR IN CHINA PAINTING is a result of overfiring or mixing too much medium with the paint. Be careful not to overfire china colors, and if a light shade of a dark color is needed, apply the color very lightly rather than thinning too much.

   • 1919, United States. Bureau of Standards, Technologic Papers of the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, page 15:

     At this point overfiring begins, as is shown particularly by the volume curve, which indicates decided bloating, so that at 1450°C the clay has about the same volume it had at 1050°C before vitrification took place. At 1450°C it is, therefore, decidedly overfired. However, its excellent burning behavior is apparent from the long temperature range.

   • 1922, H[einrich] Ries, W S Bayley , High-grade Clays of the Eastern United States: With Notes on Some Western Clays (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin; 708), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 12:

     The principal criteria of the value of the clay as determined by burning are the overfiring temperature and the softening point.

3. (transitive, physiology) Of a cell or group of cells: to fire excessively.

   Antonym: underfire

   • 2003, Ariel Glucklich, Sacred Pain: Hurting the Body for the Sake of the Soul, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 57:

     Geoffery Schultz, a student of [Ronald] Melzack, has recently conducted a study showing that visual hallucinations need not be caused by psychopathology but may result from the disruption of sensory input among patients suffering eye damage. The neuromatrix, in Melzack's theory, overfires its output messages in the absence of stimulation from external sources (or temping feedback), and creates images – often fantastic or exaggerated – that may be experienced as real.

• over-fire

• overfired (adjective)

• overburn

• overrife