paṭhama

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Pali

Pali ordinal numbers
1st 2nd  > 
    Cardinal : eka
    Ordinal : paṭhama

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathama). The retroflexion is caused by assimilation to the r before it was dropped.

Numeral

paṭhama

  1. first

Adjective

paṭhama

  1. primary, first
  2. foremost
  3. (grammar) When qualifying purisa (“person”), it translates as “third”.
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎, page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      नामम्हि पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्ज्मानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे पठमो पुरिसो होति।
      Nāmamhi payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe paṭhamo puriso hoti.
      The third person is used when in agreement with a noun be it expressed or unexpressed.

Declension

Declension table of "paṭhama" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)paṭhamopaṭhamā
Accusative (second)paṭhamaṃpaṭhame
Instrumental (third)paṭhamenapaṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi
Dative (fourth)paṭhamassa or paṭhamāya or paṭhamatthaṃpaṭhamānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)paṭhamasmā or paṭhamamhā or paṭhamāpaṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi
Genitive (sixth)paṭhamassapaṭhamānaṃ
Locative (seventh)paṭhamasmiṃ or paṭhamamhi or paṭhamepaṭhamesu
Vocative (calling)paṭhamapaṭhamā
Declension table of "paṭhamā" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)paṭhamāpaṭhamāyo or paṭhamā
Accusative (second)paṭhamaṃpaṭhamāyo or paṭhamā
Instrumental (third)paṭhamāyapaṭhamāhi or paṭhamābhi
Dative (fourth)paṭhamāyapaṭhamānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)paṭhamāyapaṭhamāhi or paṭhamābhi
Genitive (sixth)paṭhamāyapaṭhamānaṃ
Locative (seventh)paṭhamāya or paṭhamāyaṃpaṭhamāsu
Vocative (calling)paṭhamepaṭhamāyo or paṭhamā
Declension table of "paṭhama" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)paṭhamaṃpaṭhamāni
Accusative (second)paṭhamaṃpaṭhamāni
Instrumental (third)paṭhamenapaṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi
Dative (fourth)paṭhamassa or paṭhamāya or paṭhamatthaṃpaṭhamānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)paṭhamasmā or paṭhamamhā or paṭhamāpaṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi
Genitive (sixth)paṭhamassapaṭhamānaṃ
Locative (seventh)paṭhamasmiṃ or paṭhamamhi or paṭhamepaṭhamesu
Vocative (calling)paṭhamapaṭhamāni

Descendants

  • → Burmese: ပထမ (pa.hta.ma.)
  • → Mon: ပထမ (paˀtəmaˀ, paˀthaˀmaˀ)
  • → Khmer: បឋម (paʼthɑm)
  • → Thai: ปฐม (bpà-tǒm)

References

  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “paṭhama”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead
  • Warder A.K. (2001) Introduction to Pali (overall work in English), Oxford: The Pali Text Society, page 125
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