pangana

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Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-pangana (infinitive kupangana)

  1. Reciprocal form of -panga

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pangana
Positive present -napangana
Subjunctive -pangane
Negative -pangani
Imperative singular pangana
Infinitives
Positive kupangana
Negative kutopangana
Imperatives
Singular pangana
Plural panganeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupangana
Positive past positive subject concord + -lipangana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kupangana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napangana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninapangana/napangana tunapangana
2nd person unapangana mnapangana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapangana wanapangana
other classes positive subject concord + -napangana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pangani)
Singular Plural
1st person sipangani hatupangani
2nd person hupangani hampangani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapangani hawapangani
other classes negative subject concord + -pangani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapangana
Negative future negative subject concord + -tapangana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pangane)
Singular Plural
1st person nipangane tupangane
2nd person upangane mpangane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apangane wapangane
other classes positive subject concord + -pangane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipangane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepangana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepangana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipangana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipangana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apangana)
Singular Plural
1st person napangana twapangana
2nd person wapangana mwapangana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apangana wapangana
m-mi(III/IV) wapangana yapangana
ji-ma(V/VI) lapangana yapangana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapangana vyapangana
n(IX/X) yapangana zapangana
u(XI) wapangana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwapangana
pa(XVI) papangana
mu(XVIII) mwapangana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepangana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshapangana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -japangana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kipangana
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipopangana
Consecutive kapangana / positive subject concord + -kapangana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapangane
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -pangana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -panganaye -panganao
m-mi(III/IV) -panganao -panganayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -panganalo -panganayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -panganacho -panganavyo
n(IX/X) -panganayo -panganazo
u(XI) -panganao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -panganako
pa(XVI) -panganapo
mu(XVIII) -panganamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -pangana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yepangana -opangana
m-mi(III/IV) -opangana -yopangana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lopangana -yopangana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopangana -vyopangana
n(IX/X) -yopangana -zopangana
u(XI) -opangana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopangana
pa(XVI) -popangana
mu(XVIII) -mopangana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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