pas

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French pas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑː/

Noun

pas (plural pas)

1. (now rare) The right of going foremost; precedence.
   • 1792, Charlotte Smith, Desmond, Broadview, published 2001, page 71:

     ‘Nobody of any elegance of manners can exist, where tradesmen, attornies, and mechanics have the pas.’

   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 9, in Vanity Fair , London: Bradbury and Evans , published 1848, →OCLC:

     Even Mrs. Bute Crawley, the Rector's wife, refused to visit her, as she said she would never give the pas to a tradesman's daughter.

2. A step in a dance.
   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 18, in The History of Pendennis. , volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, , published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     The premier pas in life is the most important of all ……

Derived terms

• have the pas of someone

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

• see pa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑːz/

Noun

pas

1. plural of pa

Anagrams

• APS, APs, ASP, PSA, Psa., SAP, SPA, Spa, asp, s.ap., sap, spa

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

pas (plural passe)

1. pace, step
2. pass (a card or document)

   die paswette tydens die apartheidsjare - the pass laws during the years of apartheid

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Albanian

Alternative forms

• mbas — Tosk, Standard Albanian
• mas — Gheg

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *pa ̊, from Proto-Indo-European *pós (“directly to, at, after”). Cognate to Ancient Greek πός (pós, “at, to, by”), Old Church Slavonic по (po, “behind, after”).

Preposition

pas (+ablative)

1. behind, beyond
2. after
3. at
4. over
5. against

Adverb

pas

1. behind
2. after
3. hence

Derived terms

• pasi
• pastaj
• pasojë
• pasardhës

Related terms

• pa
• mbasi
• mbas

Antillean Creole

Conjunction

pas

1. because

Aragonese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: pas

Adverb

pas

1. emphasises a negation; (not) at all; (not) ever
   • 2010, Academia de l’Aragonés, Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés, 2nd edition, Edacar, page I:

     –pero no pas superficial, asperamos–

     – but not at all superficial, we hope –

   • 2010, Academia de l’Aragonés, Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés, 2nd edition, Edacar, page 20:

     No ocurre pas debant de f-, […]

     It doesn’t ever occur before f-,

See also

• no

Asturian

Noun

pas m pl

1. plural of pá

Azerbaijani

Noun

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

1. rust
   1. deteriorated state of iron or steel
   2. disease of plants
2. (figurative) shame, disgrace, infamy

   Synonym: eyib

Declension

Related terms

• pasaq

Further reading

• “pas” in Obastan.com.

Bau Bidayuh

Noun

pas

1. squirrel (rodent)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan pas, from Latin passus (“step”). Its use as an auxiliary adverb comes from an accusative use (Latin nec…passum) in negative constructions – literally ‘not…a step’, i.e. ‘not at all’ – originally used with certain verbs of motion. Compare similarly used French pas. Cognate with Galician and Spanish paso and Portuguese passo.

Noun

pas m (plural passos)

1. pace, step
2. (historical, measure) paso, Spanish pace, a traditional unit of length
3. (figuratively) pace, action
4. pace, gait, rhythm of walking

Synonyms

• passa

Coordinate terms

• (unit of length): peu (⅕ pas), vara (⅗ pas), braça (1⅕ pas)

Derived terms

• passet

Related terms

• passar

Adverb

pas

1. (in negative sentences) used to intensify negation: at all, ever

   No feu pas això ― Do not ever do this

   No serà pas important. ― It won't matter. (literally, “It won't be so important.”)

Usage notes

• The main marker of negation in Catalan is the adverb no. No is placed before the verbs, while pas is usually placed after it. Unlike Occitan or French, where pas and pas is a mandatory negative particle (under many circumstances); in Catalan, pas is only used as an optional intensifier of negation. However, some northern dialects use "pas" instead of "no" as the mandatory negative particle. Also, in many dialects "pas" has totally disappeared.

Etymology 2

Deverbal from passar.

Noun

pas m (plural passos)

1. passing
2. crossing

   pas zebra ― zebra crossing

3. passage

   ritu de pas ― rite of passage

4. pitch (distance between evenly spaced objects)

   pas de rosca ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   pas polar ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• de pas
• pas a nivell
• pas de vianants
• pas zebra

References

• “pas” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “pas”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “pas” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “pas” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chuukese

Preposition

pas

1. past

Cypriot Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَاسَ (bāsa).

Verb

pas I (present pipús) (transitive)

1. to kiss

References

• Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 168

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

pas

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

Noun

pas m inan

1. Alternative form of pás (“waist”)

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

pas m inan

1. passport

Declension

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pas

1. second-person singular imperative of pást

Further reading

• pas in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• pas in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• pas in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Pass, from Italian passaporto.

Noun

pas n (singular definite passet, plural indefinite pas)

1. passport

Declension

Etymology 2

From French pas and German Pass, from Latin passus.

Noun

pas n (singular definite passet, plural indefinite passer)

1. (geography) mountain pass

   Synonym: bjergpas

Declension

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French passe, from French passer.

Noun

pas c (singular definite passen, plural indefinite passer)

1. (card games) pass

Declension

Further reading

• “pas” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑs/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pas
• Rhymes: -ɑs

Etymology 1

Deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutch passen, from pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus. Equivalent to a derivation from etymology 2.

Adverb

pas

1. just, recently
2. hardly
3. only, not until, not any sooner

   Pas als je kamer is opgeruimd, krijg je een koekje.

   Only when your room has been cleaned up, you'll get a cookie.

4. now … really

   Da's pas stoer!

   Now that is really cool!

Descendants

• Afrikaans: pas
• Negerhollands: pas
• → Aukan: pasi pasi
• → Caribbean Hindustani: pás
• → Caribbean Javanese: pas
• → Indonesian: pas
• → Volapük: pas

Adjective

pas (used only predicatively, not comparable)

1. fitting, having a proper fit, having the correct size and shape

   Die schoenen zijn niet pas.

   Those shoes do not fit well.

Derived terms

• waterpas

Descendants

• → Indonesian: pas

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus.

Noun

pas m (plural passen, diminutive pasje n)

1. pace, step; also as a measure of distance
2. (geography) mountain pass
3. fit of an object, notably depending on forms and/or dimensions

Derived terms

• bergpas
• danspas
• looppas
• wandelpas

Descendants

• Afrikaans: pas
• → Indonesian: pas

Etymology 3

From paspoort or from etymology 2.

Noun

pas m (plural passen, diminutive pasje n)

1. pass, passport (travel document)
2. identification document

Derived terms

• bankpas
• betaalpas
• ledenpas
• pasfoto
• pinpas
• reispas

Descendants

• Afrikaans: pas
• → Caribbean Javanese: layang pas
• → Indonesian: pas
• → Papiamentu: pas

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pas

1. inflection of passen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

Anagrams

• sap

Epigraphic Mayan

Verb

pas

1. to open

Finnish

Etymology

< passata

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑs/,
• Rhymes: -ɑs
• Syllabification^(key): pas

Interjection

pas

1. (card games) I pass!

Further reading

• “pas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French pas, from Latin passus.

Its use as an auxiliary negative adverb comes from an accusative use (Latin nec… passum) in negative constructions – literally “not… a step”, i.e. “not at all” – originally used with certain verbs of motion. In older French other nouns could also be used in this way, such as ne… goutte (“not… a drop”) and ne… mie (“not… a crumb”), but in the modern language pas has become grammaticalized.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa/, /pɑ/

• audio (France)

  (file)

• audio (Quebec)

  (file)

• audio (Quebec, formal)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a, -ɑ

Noun

pas m (plural pas)

1. step, pace, footstep
   • 2018, Zaz, On s'en remet jamais:

     Des pas qu’on gravait dans la neige sont partis avec le printemps.

     Steps we etched in the snow are gone with the spring.

2. (geography) strait, pass

   Pas de Calais ― Strait of Dover

3. thread, pitch (of a screw or nut)

Derived terms

Adverb

pas

1. The most common adverb of negation in French, typically translating into English as not, don't, doesn't, etc.

   Je ne sais pas.

   I don't know

   Ma grande sœur n’habite pas avec nous.

   My big sister doesn't live with us.

   J’veux pas travailler.

   I don't wanna work.

   (Je ne veux pas travailler)

Usage notes

• The adverb of negation pas is normally used in conjunction with the particle ne, as in the examples Je ne sais pas and Ma grande sœur n’habite pas avec nous above. In colloquial language, ne can be dropped, as in the example J'veux pas travailler above.
• Word order:
  • Pas directly follows the inflected verb, which itself follows the particle ne;

    Il ne mange pas. ― He's not eating.

    Ne le touchez pas. ― Don't touch him.

  • in compound verb structures it is placed between the inflected auxiliary and the participle.

    Il n’a pas mangé. ― He didn't eat.

  • When negating an infinitive verb, pas normally follows ne and precedes that verb in the construction ne pas + infinitive (though the sequence ne + infinitive + pas was common in the Classical French of the 17th and 18th centuries).

    Il a reçu une leçon à ne pas oublier. ― He received a lesson not to be forgotten.

  • pas can be placed before an adverb that modifies all or part of a verbal syntagma, but it directly follows an adverb that modifies the whole sentence.

    Je n’ai pas vraiment compris. ― I didn't truly understand.

    Il n’est probablement pas arrivé. ― He probably hasn't arrived.

  • Certain adverbs (e.g. même) can be used before or after pas without affecting the meaning of the phrase. With other adverbs (e.g. toujours), there may be considerable difference in meaning depending on whether pas comes before or after.

    pas toujours ― not always

    toujours pas ― still not

Synonyms

• point

Derived terms

Related terms

• passage
• passer

References

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin passus.

Noun

pas m (plural pass)

1. step, footstep
2. pace

Related terms

• passâ

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: pas

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch passend, pas, from Middle Dutch pas, passen, from Old French pas, from Latin passus, pandere (“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *patno-, *pete- (“to spread, stretch out”).

• Sense of "to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from" is semantic loan from Malay pas or English pass which both are cognate of above.

Noun

pas (plural pas-pas, first-person possessive pasku, second-person possessive pasmu, third-person possessive pasnya)

1. pass, permission or license to pass, or to go and come
2. mountain pass

Related terms

Adjective

pas (comparative lebih pas, superlative paling pas)

1. (colloquial) fit, suitable, proper.

Derived terms

Related terms

Verb

pas

1. to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from

   Synonym: lulus

Etymology 2

Possibly borrowed and adapted from Dutch pas, a deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutch passen, from pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus. Therefore related to etymology 1.

Adverb

pas

1. (colloquial, nonstandard) only, not until, not any sooner

   Simpan aja dulu, belinya nanti pas gajian

   Just keep it first, purchase it later only at the payday

2. (colloquial, nonstandard) when, at the time of

   Pada saat puasa Ramadhan, banyak yang bertanya mengenai sahur pas imsak, apa boleh?

   When fasting during Ramadan, many have questioned regarding doing suhur at the time of imsak; would such action be permissible?

Conjunction

pas

1. (colloquial, nonstandard) when

   Synonyms: saat, ketika

Preposition

pas

1. (colloquial, nonstandard) during, at the time of

Usage notes

• The word is very often used in casual and colloquial exchanges. However, the adverb's etymology is unusually scarcely scrutinized despite its common occurrences in day-to-day speech.

Etymology 3

Noun

pas (first-person possessive pasku, second-person possessive pasmu, third-person possessive pasnya)

1. (archaic) Alternative spelling of opas.

References

Further reading

• “pas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

pas m (genitive singular pas, nominative plural pasanna)

1. passport
2. pass

Declension

Mutation

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Preposition

pàs

1. (usually with accusative) by; with; at

   Ar tu norėtum sėdėti pas mane?

   Would you like to sit by/with me?

   Mes galime valgyti pas tave.

   We can eat at your place.

   Jis gyvena pas savo tėvus.

   He lives with his parents.

Lombard

Noun

pas

1. peace

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pojasъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

Noun

pas m inan

1. belt

Declension

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French pas.

Noun

pas m (plural pas)

1. pace; step

Descendants

• French: pas

Mofu-Gudur

Noun

pas

1. sun, day

Occitan

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan pas, from Latin passus.

Adverb

pas

1. (after the verb) not (negates the meaning of a verb)
2. Intensifies adverbs of negation

   pas jamai ― never ever

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

pas m

1. step, pace

Old French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/

Etymology 1

From Latin passus.

Noun

pas oblique singular, m (oblique plural pas, nominative singular pas, nominative plural pas)

1. pace; step
   • 13th c., uncertain (perhaps Adam de la Halle), Li Jus du pelerin :

     Segnieur, pelerins sui, si ai alé maint pas, / par viles, par castiaus, par chités, par trespas.

     Sirs, I am a pilgrim, and I have travelled a lot (literally, "I have gone steps a lot"), through towns, castles, cities, passageways.

Descendants

• → English: pace
• Middle French: pas

Etymology 2

From Latin pastus (“pasture”).

Noun

pas oblique singular, m (oblique plural pas, nominative singular pas, nominative plural pas)

1. Alternative form of past
   • 13th c., uncertain (perhaps Adam de la Halle), Li Jus du pelerin :

     S'aroie bien mestier que je fusse à repas, / car n'ai mie par tout mout bien trouvé mes pas.

     It'd be great to make some arrangement so I can have a meal, because not always, not at all, have I found food wherever I've been.

See also

• repast

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese paz and Spanish paz and Kabuverdianu pás.

Noun

pas

1. peace

Phalura

Etymology

From Pashto (pas).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

Postposition

pas (پس)

1. after

References

• Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

pas

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: pas

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pojasъ.

Noun

pas m inan

1. belt
2. lane (lengthwise division of roadway)
3. (heraldry) fess
4. (anatomy) waist

Declension

Alternative forms

• pás (obsolete, dialectal)

Descendants

• → Belarusian: пас (pas)
• → Yiddish: פּאַס (pas)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French passe.

Noun

pas m inan

1. (card games) pass

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French pas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: pas

Noun

pas m inan

1. pas, step

Further reading

• pas in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• pas in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/
• Rhymes: -as

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin passus.

Noun

pas m (plural pași)

1. step, pace, footstep, stride
2. step (stage of a process)
3. gait

Declension

Derived terms

• bate pasul pe loc
• în pas cu
• pas cu pas
• păși
• ține pasul

Related terms

• păsa

See also

• păs

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Pass, French pas.

Noun

pas n (plural pasuri)

1. (now rare outside place names) mountain pass

   Synonym: trecătoare

2. (obsolete) passport

   Synonym: pașaport

Declension

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

pas m (genitive singular pais, plural pasaichean)

1. pass (permission)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• pes (Kajkavian)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâs/

Noun

pȁs m (Cyrillic spelling па̏с, diminutive psȉć, relational adjective pȁsjī or psȅćī)

1. dog

   Volim svog psa. ― I love my dog.

Declension

Etymology 2

Shortened form of pȍjās.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâːs/

Noun

pȃs m (Cyrillic spelling па̑с)

1. (regional) belt, girdle
2. (regional) waist, waistline

Declension

Derived terms

• opàsati

Related terms

• pȍjās
• opàsāč

Etymology 3

From English pass or French passe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâːs/

Noun

pȃs m (Cyrillic spelling па̑с)

1. (sports) pass

Declension

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

pas m inan

1. passport

Declension

Further reading

• “pas”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Spanish

Noun

pas m pl

1. plural of pa

Tatar

Alternative forms

• bas

Noun

pas

1. price

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English pouch.

Noun

pas

1. pouch

Derived terms

• skin pas (“envelope”)

Adjective

pas

1. closed; shut; sealed
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:24:

     Olsem na dispela pasin i kamap. Man i save lusim papamama na i pas wantaim meri bilong en, na tupela i kamap wanpela bodi tasol.

     →New International Version translation

Derived terms

• ai i pas
• bel i pas
• pas maus

Related terms

• pasim

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑs/
• Hyphenation: pas

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پاس (“rust”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bas (“residue”).

Noun

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

1. rust (oxidation of metal)

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English pass or from French passe.

Noun

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

1. (sports) pass (The act of moving the ball or puck from one player to another.)

Derived terms

Related terms

• pasör

Interjection

pas

1. (card games) A phrase indicating that the player is declining to play their turn; I pass

Further reading

• “pas”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pas1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pas2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “pas”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “pas”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3708

Volapük

Etymology

Apparently introduced by Arie de Jong in Volapük Nulik. If so, probably borrowed from Dutch pas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

Adverb

pas

1. only recently, just now