perestroika
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See also: Perestroika and perestroïka
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).
Pronunciation
Noun
perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas)
- (historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.
- 2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:
- Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.
- (historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect.
- (countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties.
Derived terms
Translations
reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s
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See also
Finnish
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka).
Pronunciation
Noun
perestroika
Declension
| Inflection of perestroika (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | perestroika | perestroikat | |
| genitive | perestroikan | perestroikien | |
| partitive | perestroikaa | perestroikia | |
| illative | perestroikaan | perestroikiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | perestroika | perestroikat | |
| accusative | nom. | perestroika | perestroikat |
| gen. | perestroikan | ||
| genitive | perestroikan | perestroikien perestroikain rare | |
| partitive | perestroikaa | perestroikia | |
| inessive | perestroikassa | perestroikissa | |
| elative | perestroikasta | perestroikista | |
| illative | perestroikaan | perestroikiin | |
| adessive | perestroikalla | perestroikilla | |
| ablative | perestroikalta | perestroikilta | |
| allative | perestroikalle | perestroikille | |
| essive | perestroikana | perestroikina | |
| translative | perestroikaksi | perestroikiksi | |
| abessive | perestroikatta | perestroikitta | |
| instructive | — | perestroikin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Further reading
- “perestroika”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Noun
perestroika f (plural perestroikas)
- perestroika (reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s)
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).
Pronunciation
Noun
perestroika f (uncountable)
Further reading
- “perestroika”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10