Borrowed from Late Old Swedish pærun (“pear”) (compare dialectal Finnish Swedish pärun, perun and standard Swedish päron). Originally meant “pear”, in which sense it has been attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (16th century). When potatoes were first introduced to Finland in the 18th century, they were usually called maaperuna (literally “earth-pear”) (compare Swedish jordpäron (“potato”), German Erdbirne (“potato”, literally “earth-pear”), Grundbirne (literally “ground-pear”)). peruna in its modern sense is first mentioned in a 1787 dictionary by Christfried Ganander.[1][2][3] As the potato grew in relevance, there was pressure to shorten the name to simply peruna, as potatoes quickly become much more relevant for Finnish speakers than pears. For the sense “pear”, the doublet päärynä came about as a more recent borrowing from Swedish, and ambiguity was thus avoided.
peruna
Inflection of peruna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
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nominative | peruna | perunat | |
genitive | perunan | perunoiden perunoitten | |
partitive | perunaa | perunoita | |
illative | perunaan | perunoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | peruna | perunat | |
accusative | nom. | peruna | perunat |
gen. | perunan | ||
genitive | perunan | perunoiden perunoitten perunain rare | |
partitive | perunaa | perunoita | |
inessive | perunassa | perunoissa | |
elative | perunasta | perunoista | |
illative | perunaan | perunoihin | |
adessive | perunalla | perunoilla | |
ablative | perunalta | perunoilta | |
allative | perunalle | perunoille | |
essive | perunana | perunoina | |
translative | perunaksi | perunoiksi | |
abessive | perunatta | perunoitta | |
instructive | — | perunoin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Now proscribed:
Inflection of peruna (Kotus type 11/omena, no gradation) | |||
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nominative | peruna | perunat | |
genitive | perunan | perunien perunoiden perunoitten | |
partitive | perunaa | perunia perunoita | |
illative | perunaan | peruniin perunoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | peruna | perunat | |
accusative | nom. | peruna | perunat |
gen. | perunan | ||
genitive | perunan | perunien perunoiden perunoitten perunojen rare perunain rare | |
partitive | perunaa | perunia perunoita perunoja rare | |
inessive | perunassa | perunoissa perunissa | |
elative | perunasta | perunoista perunista | |
illative | perunaan | peruniin perunoihin | |
adessive | perunalla | perunoilla perunilla | |
ablative | perunalta | perunoilta perunilta | |
allative | perunalle | perunoille perunille | |
essive | perunana | perunoina perunina | |
translative | perunaksi | perunoiksi peruniksi | |
abessive | perunatta | perunoitta perunitta | |
instructive | — | perunoin perunin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of peruna (Kotus type 11/omena, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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peruna