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Pharyngeal arches form in the embryo of all vertebrates.
The first pharyngeal arch, called the mandibular arch, develops into the jaws.
The second, called the hyoidal arch, gives rise to the hyomandibular complex, which supports the back of the jaw and (when gills are present) the front of the gill series.
In gilled vertebrates (i.e., fish), the remaining arches develop into the branchial arches, which support the gills. In other vertebrates, the embryonic arches develop into several organs and anatomical features in the throat region. In birds and mammals, the hyoidal arch, too, has significantly evolved.
Branchial arch on Wikipedia.Wikipedia 