pirul

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Hungarian

Etymology

From an onomatopoeic (sound-imitative) root + -ul (reflexive suffix). First attested in 1470.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

pirul

  1. (intransitive) to blush (to become red in the face due to shyness, shame, excitement, or embarrassment)
  2. (intransitive, cooking) to brown, toast (to become brown during cooking or toasting)

Conjugation

conjugation of pirul
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. pirulok pirulsz pirul pirulunk pirultok pirulnak
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. pirultam pirultál pirult pirultunk pirultatok pirultak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. pirulni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. pirulék pirulál pirula pirulánk pirulátok pirulának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. pirul vala, pirult vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. pirulandok pirulandasz piruland pirulandunk pirulandotok pirulandanak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. pirulnék pirulnál pirulna pirulnánk pirulnátok pirulnának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pirult volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. piruljak pirulj or
piruljál 		piruljon piruljunk piruljatok piruljanak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pirult légyen
Infinitive pirulni pirulnom pirulnod pirulnia pirulnunk pirulnotok pirulniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
pirulás piruló pirult ― pirulva (pirulván)
potential conjugation of pirul
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. pirulhatok pirulhatsz pirulhat pirulhatunk pirulhattok pirulhatnak
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. pirulhattam pirulhattál pirulhatott pirulhattunk pirulhattatok pirulhattak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. pirulhaték pirulhatál pirulhata pirulhatánk pirulhatátok pirulhatának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. pirulhat vala, pirulhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. pirulhatandok
or pirulandhatok 		pirulhatandasz
or pirulandhatsz 		pirulhatand
or pirulandhat 		pirulhatandunk
or pirulandhatunk 		pirulhatandotok
or pirulandhattok 		pirulhatandanak
or pirulandhatnak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. pirulhatnék pirulhatnál pirulhatna pirulhatnánk pirulhatnátok pirulhatnának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pirulhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. pirulhassak pirulhass or
pirulhassál 		pirulhasson pirulhassunk pirulhassatok pirulhassanak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pirulhatott légyen
Inf. (pirulhatni) (pirulhatnom) (pirulhatnod) (pirulhatnia) (pirulhatnunk) (pirulhatnotok) (pirulhatniuk)
Positive adjective ― Neg. adj. ― Adv. part. (pirulhatva / pirulhatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

  1. ^ pirul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • pirul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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