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Latin
Etymology
Exists only as a bound morpheme in prefixed verbs, where it continues Proto-Italic *plēō, from earlier *plējō, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-ye-ti, a yé-present innovatively formed to the aorist stem of Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Compare Russian -по́лнить (-pólnitʹ), a cognate with the same meaning that likewise does not occur uncompounded.
Verb
pleō (present infinitive plēre, perfect active plēvī, supine plētum); second conjugation
- Combining form used to form prefixed verbs with the approximate meaning "to fill".
ca. 500, Pompeius,
In artem Donati p. 240 l.34:
- est <etiam> conpositum quod nōn potest fierī simplex, ut conpleō: nēmō potest dīcere pleō.
- it's likewise a compound when it cannot be used on its own, such as complete: one can't say plete.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:pleo.
Conjugation
Only one form, plendī (CIL 2.6278.38), is attested in classical Latin without a prefix outside of grammarians. (Festus p.230M) also cites plentur without attribution.
| Conjugation of -pleō (second conjugation)
|
| indicative
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| active
|
present
|
-pleō
|
-plēs
|
-plet
|
-plēmus
|
-plētis
|
-plent
|
| imperfect
|
-plēbam
|
-plēbās
|
-plēbat
|
-plēbāmus
|
-plēbātis
|
-plēbant
|
| future
|
-plēbō
|
-plēbis
|
-plēbit
|
-plēbimus
|
-plēbitis
|
-plēbunt
|
| perfect
|
-plēvī
|
-plēvistī
|
-plēvit
|
-plēvimus
|
-plēvistis
|
-plēvērunt,
-plēvēre
|
| pluperfect
|
-plēveram
|
-plēverās
|
-plēverat
|
-plēverāmus
|
-plēverātis
|
-plēverant
|
| future perfect
|
-plēverō
|
-plēveris
|
-plēverit
|
-plēverimus
|
-plēveritis
|
-plēverint
|
| sigmatic future1
|
-ō,
ēssō
|
-is,
ēssis
|
-it,
ēssit
|
-imus,
ēssimus
|
-itis,
ēssitis
|
-int,
ēssint
|
| passive
|
present
|
-pleor
|
-plēris,
-plēre
|
-plētur
|
-plēmur
|
-plēminī
|
-plentur
|
| imperfect
|
-plēbar
|
-plēbāris,
-plēbāre
|
-plēbātur
|
-plēbāmur
|
-plēbāminī
|
-plēbantur
|
| future
|
-plēbor
|
-plēberis,
-plēbere
|
-plēbitur
|
-plēbimur
|
-plēbiminī
|
-plēbuntur
|
| perfect
|
-plētus + present active indicative of sum
|
| pluperfect
|
-plētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
|
| future perfect
|
-plētus + future active indicative of sum
|
| sigmatic future1
|
-or,
ēssor
|
-eris,
ēsseris
|
-itur,
ēssitur
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| subjunctive
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| active
|
present
|
-pleam
|
-pleās
|
-pleat
|
-pleāmus
|
-pleātis
|
-pleant
|
| imperfect
|
-plērem
|
-plērēs
|
-plēret
|
-plērēmus
|
-plērētis
|
-plērent
|
| perfect
|
-plēverim
|
-plēverīs
|
-plēverit
|
-plēverīmus
|
-plēverītis
|
-plēverint
|
| pluperfect
|
-plēvissem
|
-plēvissēs
|
-plēvisset
|
-plēvissēmus
|
-plēvissētis
|
-plēvissent
|
| sigmatic aorist1
|
-im,
ēssim
|
-īs,
ēssīs
|
-īt,
ēssīt
|
-īmus,
ēssīmus
|
-ītis,
ēssītis
|
-int,
ēssint
|
| passive
|
present
|
-plear
|
-pleāris,
-pleāre
|
-pleātur
|
-pleāmur
|
-pleāminī
|
-pleantur
|
| imperfect
|
-plērer
|
-plērēris,
-plērēre
|
-plērētur
|
-plērēmur
|
-plērēminī
|
-plērentur
|
| perfect
|
-plētus + present active subjunctive of sum
|
| pluperfect
|
-plētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
|
| imperative
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| active
|
present
|
—
|
-plē
|
—
|
—
|
-plēte
|
—
|
| future
|
—
|
-plētō
|
-plētō
|
—
|
-plētōte
|
-plentō
|
| passive
|
present
|
—
|
-plēre
|
—
|
—
|
-plēminī
|
—
|
| future
|
—
|
-plētor
|
-plētor
|
—
|
—
|
-plentor
|
| non-finite forms
|
active
|
passive
|
| present
|
perfect
|
future
|
present
|
perfect
|
future
|
| infinitives
|
-plēre
|
-plēvisse
|
-plētūrum esse
|
-plērī
|
-plētum esse
|
-plētum īrī
|
| participles
|
-plēns
|
—
|
-plētūrus
|
—
|
-plētus
|
-plendus
|
| verbal nouns
|
gerund
|
supine
|
| genitive
|
dative
|
accusative
|
ablative
|
accusative
|
ablative
|
| plendī
|
-plendō
|
-plendum
|
-plendō
|
-plētum
|
-plētū
|
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
Derived terms
Related terms
References