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pn, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
pn in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
pn you have here. The definition of the word
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English
Preposition
pn
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of upon.
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Determiner
m sg proximal demonstrative determiner
- this, that
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
It forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative pf, in which pn is proximal.
In Old Egyptian this form was occasionally used in place of the plural jpn. Whether this should be interpreted as a mere summarily written variant of jpn or as a genuine use of the singular for the plural is unclear.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
|
determiners
|
pronouns1
|
adverbs
|
number
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
unmarked
|
gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
proximal to speaker
|
pn
|
tn
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*jpnj
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jptnj, jptntj
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jpn
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jptn
|
nn
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—
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distal
|
pf
|
tf
|
*jpfj
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*jptfj, *jptftj
|
jpf
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jptf
|
nf
|
—
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proximal to spoken of
|
pj, pw, p
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tj, tw
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jpwj
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jptwj, jptwtj
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jpw
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jptw, jptwt
|
nw
|
—
|
vocative
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
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nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
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determiners and pronouns
|
adverbs
|
number
|
singular
|
plural1
|
gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
proximal
|
pn
|
tn
|
nn
|
ꜥn
|
distal
|
pf, pfꜣ
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tf, tfꜣ
|
nf, nfꜣ
|
ꜥf
|
‘copula’ and vocative
|
pw, pwy
|
tw, twy
|
nw
|
—
|
anaphoric
|
pꜣ
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tꜣ
|
nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
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- Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
|
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
plural
|
|
adverb
|
pronoun
|
pꜣw
|
dj
|
determiners and pronouns
|
pꜣj
|
tꜣj
|
nꜣj
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possessive determiners1
|
pꜣy
|
tꜣy
|
nꜣy
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relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
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p-n, pꜣ
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t-nt, tꜣ
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nꜣyw, nꜣ
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definite articles
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ2
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indefinite articles
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wꜥ2
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nhꜣy2
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- Used with suffix pronouns.
- Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
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References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 54–55.
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964) Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, § 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN