poena

Estonian

Noun

poena

1. essive singular of pood

Latin

Alternative forms

• pēna

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpoe̯.na/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.na/,

Noun

poena f (genitive poenae); first declension

1. penalty, punishment

   Synonyms: pūnītiō, mercēs, supplicium, vindicātiō, exemplum, sanctio, pretium, animadversus, vindicta, malum

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.4:

     Ut magnitudine poenae perterreant alios

     In order to terrify others by the severity of punishment

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.136:

     “Post mihi nōn similī poenā commissa luētis.”

     “Hereafter, me, you will atone by no similar penalty having committed .”
     (In other words, another transgression will earn the winds far worse than a verbal warning, says Neptune.)

2. hardship, torment

   Synonyms: cruciātus, malum

3. (figurative) execution

Declension

First-declension noun.

Derived terms

• poenās dare
• pūniō

Related terms

• paeniteō

Descendants

Further reading

• “poena”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “poena”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• poena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• poena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to revenge oneself on some one: ulcisci aliquem, poenas expetere ab aliquo
    
  • to revenge oneself for a thing: ulcisci aliquid, poenas alicuius rei expetere
    
  • to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: poenas alicuius or alicuius rei repetere ab aliquo
    
  • to punish some one: poena afficere aliquem (Off. 2. 5. 18)
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenas alicuius persequi
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenam petere, repetere ab aliquo
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenas expetere ab aliquo
    
  • to ordain as punishment that..: hanc poenam constituere in aliquem, ut...
    
  • to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui
    
  • to be punished by some one (on account of a thing): poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei)
    
  • to suffer punishment: poenas dependere, expendere, solvere, persolvere
    
  • to suffer punishment: poenam (alicuius rei) ferre, perferre
    
  • to be punished for a thing, expiate it: poenam luere (alicuius rei) (Sull. 27. 76)
    
  • to submit to a punishment: poenam subire
    
• “poena”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• poena in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “poena”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• “poena”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpɔɨ̯na/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpɔi̯na/

Verb

poena

1. inflection of poeni:
   1. second-person singular imperative
   2. third-person singular present indicative/future literary
   3. first-person singular future colloquial

Mutation