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ponad. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
ponad, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
ponad in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
ponad you have here. The definition of the word
ponad will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
ponad, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Masurian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Univerbation of po + nad. Compare Polish ponad.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key):
- Syllabification: po‧nad
Preposition
ponad
- denotes location; above, over
- denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state
- denotes number larger than another; more than, over
Further reading
- Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “ponad”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 6, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 227-228
Polish
Alternative forms
- ponade (before certain pronouns)
Etymology
Univerbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad, Masurian ponad, and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.
Pronunciation
Preposition
ponad
- denotes location; above, over
- Synonyms: powyżej, nad
- Coordinate terms: pod, popod
- Latem słońce świeci wysoko ponad górami. ― In summer, the sun shines high above the mountains.
- denotes motion; to above, to over
- Synonyms: powyżej, nad
- Coordinate terms: pod, popod
- denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state
- Synonym: nad
- Kocham to ponad życie. ― I love it to death/more than life itself/more than anything in the world.
- above, beyond
- Zadanie to jest ponad moje umiejętności. ― This task is beyond my capabilities.
- Ona przedkłada swoją karierę ponad wszystko. ― She puts her career above all else.
Derived terms
Particle
ponad
- over, more than
- Synonym: przeszło
- Pracuję tu ponad dwie dekady. ― I have worked here for over two decades.
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ponad (particle) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 12 times in scientific texts, 87 times in news, 38 times in essays, 3 times in fiction, and 1 time in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 141 times, making it the 426th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ponad”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Paweł Kupiszewski (16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ponad (particle)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 402
Further reading
- ponad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ponad in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ponad”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ponad”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “ponad”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 584