ponnistaa

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Finnish

Etymology

From ponsi +‎ -istaa.

Pronunciation

Verb

ponnistaa

  1. (intransitive) To push; to bear down.
  2. (intransitive) To push off, leap, jump.
  3. (intransitive) To try hard, make a massive/great/supreme effort, put one's back into it: to struggle, strive.

Conjugation

Inflection of ponnistaa (Kotus type 53/muistaa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ponnistan en ponnista 1st sing. olen ponnistanut en ole ponnistanut
2nd sing. ponnistat et ponnista 2nd sing. olet ponnistanut et ole ponnistanut
3rd sing. ponnistaa ei ponnista 3rd sing. on ponnistanut ei ole ponnistanut
1st plur. ponnistamme emme ponnista 1st plur. olemme ponnistaneet emme ole ponnistaneet
2nd plur. ponnistatte ette ponnista 2nd plur. olette ponnistaneet ette ole ponnistaneet
3rd plur. ponnistavat eivät ponnista 3rd plur. ovat ponnistaneet eivät ole ponnistaneet
passive ponnistetaan ei ponnisteta passive on ponnistettu ei ole ponnistettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ponnistin en ponnistanut 1st sing. olin ponnistanut en ollut ponnistanut
2nd sing. ponnistit et ponnistanut 2nd sing. olit ponnistanut et ollut ponnistanut
3rd sing. ponnisti ei ponnistanut 3rd sing. oli ponnistanut ei ollut ponnistanut
1st plur. ponnistimme emme ponnistaneet 1st plur. olimme ponnistaneet emme olleet ponnistaneet
2nd plur. ponnistitte ette ponnistaneet 2nd plur. olitte ponnistaneet ette olleet ponnistaneet
3rd plur. ponnistivat eivät ponnistaneet 3rd plur. olivat ponnistaneet eivät olleet ponnistaneet
passive ponnistettiin ei ponnistettu passive oli ponnistettu ei ollut ponnistettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ponnistaisin en ponnistaisi 1st sing. olisin ponnistanut en olisi ponnistanut
2nd sing. ponnistaisit et ponnistaisi 2nd sing. olisit ponnistanut et olisi ponnistanut
3rd sing. ponnistaisi ei ponnistaisi 3rd sing. olisi ponnistanut ei olisi ponnistanut
1st plur. ponnistaisimme emme ponnistaisi 1st plur. olisimme ponnistaneet emme olisi ponnistaneet
2nd plur. ponnistaisitte ette ponnistaisi 2nd plur. olisitte ponnistaneet ette olisi ponnistaneet
3rd plur. ponnistaisivat eivät ponnistaisi 3rd plur. olisivat ponnistaneet eivät olisi ponnistaneet
passive ponnistettaisiin ei ponnistettaisi passive olisi ponnistettu ei olisi ponnistettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. ponnista älä ponnista 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. ponnistakoon älköön ponnistako 3rd sing. olkoon ponnistanut älköön olko ponnistanut
1st plur. ponnistakaamme älkäämme ponnistako 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. ponnistakaa älkää ponnistako 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. ponnistakoot älkööt ponnistako 3rd plur. olkoot ponnistaneet älkööt olko ponnistaneet
passive ponnistettakoon älköön ponnistettako passive olkoon ponnistettu älköön olko ponnistettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ponnistanen en ponnistane 1st sing. lienen ponnistanut en liene ponnistanut
2nd sing. ponnistanet et ponnistane 2nd sing. lienet ponnistanut et liene ponnistanut
3rd sing. ponnistanee ei ponnistane 3rd sing. lienee ponnistanut ei liene ponnistanut
1st plur. ponnistanemme emme ponnistane 1st plur. lienemme ponnistaneet emme liene ponnistaneet
2nd plur. ponnistanette ette ponnistane 2nd plur. lienette ponnistaneet ette liene ponnistaneet
3rd plur. ponnistanevat eivät ponnistane 3rd plur. lienevät ponnistaneet eivät liene ponnistaneet
passive ponnistettaneen ei ponnistettane passive lienee ponnistettu ei liene ponnistettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st ponnistaa present ponnistava ponnistettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ponnistaakseni ponnistaaksemme
2nd ponnistaaksesi ponnistaaksenne
3rd ponnistaakseen
ponnistaaksensa
past ponnistanut ponnistettu
2nd inessive2 ponnistaessa ponnistettaessa agent4 ponnistama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ponnistaessani ponnistaessamme
2nd ponnistaessasi ponnistaessanne
3rd ponnistaessaan
ponnistaessansa
negative ponnistamaton
instructive ponnistaen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

* The third-person singular indicative form ponnistaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd inessive ponnistamassa —
elative ponnistamasta —
illative ponnistamaan —
adessive ponnistamalla —
abessive ponnistamatta —
instructive ponnistaman ponnistettaman
4th3 verbal noun ponnistaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ponnistamaisillani ponnistamaisillamme
2nd ponnistamaisillasi ponnistamaisillanne
3rd ponnistamaisillaan
ponnistamaisillansa

Synonyms

Derived terms

nouns
verbs

See also

Further reading

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