potior

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Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *potjōr. Cognate to Albanian pata.

Verb

potior (present infinitive potīrī or potīrier, perfect active potītus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent

  1. to become master of, to take possession of
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.6:
      Caesar partitis copiis cum Gaio Fabio legato et Mārcō Crassō quaestōre celeriterque effectīs pontibus adit tripertītō, aedificia vīcōsque incendit, magnō pecoris atque hominum numerō potītur.
      Caesar, having divided his forces with C. Fabius, his lieutenant, and M. Crassus his questor, and having hastily constructed some bridges, enters their country in three divisions, burns their houses and villages, and gains possession of a large number of cattle and men.
  2. to be master of, to have, hold, possess
Usage notes
  • Part of a small group of verbs, all with a short-vowel root, displaying both 3rd and 4th conjugation forms.
  • The verb potior and others like it, fruor, fungor, ūtor, vescor, and their compounds, regularly govern the ablative case.
    Mīles gladiō ūtitur.
    The soldier uses a sword.
  • Potior sometimes governs the genitive.
    potīrī rērum ― to get control of affairs
  • Pre- and post-Classically potior can also govern the accusative.
    160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 871:
    ille alter sine labōre patria potītur commoda.
    He, on the other hand, without any trouble on his part, enjoys a father's comforts.
Conjugation
   Conjugation of potior (fourth conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present potior potīris,
potīre 		potītur potīmur potīminī potiuntur
imperfect potiēbar potiēbāris,
potiēbāre 		potiēbātur potiēbāmur potiēbāminī potiēbantur
future potiar potiēris,
potiēre 		potiētur potiēmur potiēminī potientur
perfect potītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect potītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect potītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present potiar potiāris,
potiāre 		potiātur potiāmur potiāminī potiantur
imperfect potīrer,
poterer 		potīrēris,
potīrēre,
poterēris,
poterēre 		potīrētur,
poterētur 		potīrēmur,
poterēmur 		potīrēminī,
poterēminī 		potīrentur,
poterentur
perfect potītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect potītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — potīre — — potīminī —
future — potītor potītor — — potiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives potīrī,
potīrier1 		potītum esse potītūrum esse — — —
participles potiēns potītus potītūrus — — potiendus,
potiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
potiendī potiendō potiendum potiendō potītum potītū

1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *potjōs, comparative of potis (“able, capable”).

Adjective

potior (neuter potius); third declension

  1. (of persons) preferred, preferable, better
  2. (of things) better, stronger, more important, more preferable, more desirable
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.287:
      Haec alternantī potior sententia vīsa est: .
      wavering these , seemed to be the more preferable answer: .
      (Aeneas considers how to end his relationship with Dido and leave Carthage.)
Declension

Third-declension comparative adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative potior potius potiōrēs potiōra
Genitive potiōris potiōrum
Dative potiōrī potiōribus
Accusative potiōrem potius potiōrēs potiōra
Ablative potiōre potiōribus
Vocative potior potius potiōrēs potiōra
Related terms
Descendants

References

  • “potior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “potior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • potior in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • potior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (1) to usurp supreme power, (2) to be in a position of power: rerum potiri
    • to conquer a country: terra potiri
    • (ambiguous) there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
  • potior in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “potior”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
  2. ^ Albanische Etymologien (Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz), Bardhyl Demiraj, Leiden Studies in Indo-European 7; Amsterdam - Atlanta 1997
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