pra-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "pra"

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech pra- (“before (in time)”), from Proto-Slavic *pra-.[1]

Pronunciation

Prefix

pra-

  1. great- (removed by one generation from)
    ‎pra- + ‎dědeček → ‎pradědeček (“great-grandfather”)
    ‎pra- + ‎babička → ‎prababička (“great-grandmother”)
  2. fore- (ancestor)
    ‎pra- + ‎otec → ‎praotec (“forefather”)
    ‎pra- + ‎máti → ‎pramáti (“foremother”)
  3. primaeval, primary
    ‎pra- + ‎les → ‎prales (“primaeval forest”)
    ‎pra- + ‎člověk → ‎pračlověk (“primaeval man”)
    ‎pra- + ‎hmota → ‎prahmota (“primary matter”)
  4. (linguistics) proto-
    Synonym: proto-
    ‎pra- + ‎čeština → ‎pračeština (“Proto-Czech”)
    ‎pra- + ‎slovanština → ‎praslovanština (“Proto-Slavic”)
  5. very, extremely (intensifying the meaning of the original adjective)
    ‎pra- + ‎podivný → ‎prapodivný (“very strange”)
    ‎pra- + ‎malý → ‎pramalý (“extremely small”)

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with pra-

References

  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “pra-”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 545

Further reading

  • “pra-”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • pra-/prach- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian пра- (pra-) and Polish pra-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

pra-

  1. ur-; primitive; primordial; prehistoric
    ‎pra- + ‎arbaro (“forest”) → ‎praarbaro (“primordial forest”)
    ‎pra- + ‎besto (“animal”) → ‎prabesto (“prehistoric animal”)
    ‎pra- + ‎homo (“human being”) → ‎prahomo (“primitive man”)
  2. fore-
    ‎pra- + ‎patroj (“fathers”) → ‎prapatroj (“forefathers”)
    ‎pra- + ‎ulo (“person”) → ‎praulo (“ancestor”)
  3. great-
    ‎pra- + ‎avo (“grandfather”) → ‎praavo (“great-grandfather”)
    ‎pra- + ‎onklino (“aunt”) → ‎praonklino (“great-aunt”)
    ‎pra- + ‎nepo (“grandson”) → ‎pranepo (“great-grandson”)

Derived terms

Esperanto terms prefixed with pra-

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese pra-, from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

Prefix

pra-

  1. pre-, before; earlier in time; beforehand.
    prasekolah ― preschool
    prasejarah ― prehistory
    prakata ― preface

Derived terms

Indonesian terms prefixed with pra-

Further reading

Malay

Etymology

There are two theories as to whence the prefix came:

Pronunciation

Prefix

pra- (Jawi spelling ڤرا‌‌ -)

  2. Before; earlier in time; beforehand; pre-.
    Antonym: pasca-
    prasekolah ― preschool

Derived terms

Malay terms prefixed with pra-

References

  1. ^ Asmah Haji Omar (1978) “The Role of Language Standardisation in the Coining of Technical Terms in Bahasa Malaysia”, in Papers from the Conference on the Standardisation of Asian Languages, Manila, Philippines, December 16-21, 1974‎, page 235: “In this way, such affixes prove that their existence can be regarded as indispensable regardless of their language contexts. Examples of this are -ism, pra- (Latin prae-), pro-, anti-, sub-, supra-, super- etc.”

Further reading

Old Javanese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

Prefix

pra-

  1. a part of.
Alternative forms
Descendants
  • → Indonesian: pra- (learned)
    • → Malay: pra- (learned)

Etymology 2

Prefix

pra-

  1. Alternative spelling of para-

Derived terms

Old Javanese terms prefixed with pra-

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pra/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification:

Prefix

pra-

  1. proto-, pre-, ur-
    ‎pra- + ‎porządek → ‎praporządek (“preorder”)
    ‎pra- + ‎język → ‎prajęzyk (“proto-language”)
    ‎pra- + ‎stary → ‎prastary (“ancient”)
  2. prepended to ancestors before grandparents; great-
    ‎pra- + ‎dziadek → ‎pradziadek (“great-grandfather”)
    ‎pra- + ‎babcia → ‎prababcia (“great-grandmother”)
  3. prepended to descendants after grandchildren
    ‎pra- + ‎wnuk → ‎prawnuk (“great-grandson”)
    ‎pra- + ‎wnuczka → ‎prawnuczka (“great-granddaughter”)

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with pra-

See also

Further reading

  • pra- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.

Prefix

pra- (Cyrillic spelling пра-)

  1. appended to ancestors before grandparents
    ‎pra- + ‎dȅda → ‎pradeda
    ‎pra- + ‎bȁba → ‎pràbaba
  2. ur-; primitive; primordial; prehistoric
    ‎pra- + ‎postojbina → ‎prapostojbina (“urheimat”)
    ‎pra- + ‎ìstōrija → ‎praistorija (“prehistory”)

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian terms prefixed with pra-

See also

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.

Prefix

pra-

  1. great- (removed by one generation from)
    ‎pra- + ‎ded → ‎praded
  2. (linguistics) proto-
    ‎pra- + ‎slovanština → ‎praslovanština

Derived terms

Slovak terms prefixed with pra-

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

prȃ-

  1. great- (removed by one generation from)
    ‎pra- + ‎ded → ‎praded
  2. (linguistics) proto-
    ‎pra- + ‎slovanščina → ‎praslovanščina

Derived terms

Slovene terms prefixed with pra-

Further reading

  • “pra-”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024
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