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, 6th edition, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh.: American Book Company from the press of Ivison, Blakeman & Company, →OCLC, page 428, column 2:
Proteranthous (-us). Where flowering precedes leafing.]
1898, Roscoe Pound, Fredreric E[dward] Clements, “The Vegetation Forms of the Flora”, in The Phytogeography of Nebraska. 1. General Survey, 2nd edition, Lincoln, Neb.: he Seminar , published 1900, →OCLC, page 143:
The prevernal period begins with the first blooming after the period of rest, and lasts until the foliation of the proteranthous trees, altogether hardly more than two weeks.
1957, Richard E[ric] Holttum, H. B. Gilliland, A Revised Flora of Malaya: An Illustrated Systematic Account of the Malayan Flora, Including Commonly Cultivated Plants, 2nd edition, volume 1 (Orchids of Malaya), Singapore: Government Printing Office, →OCLC:
The heteranthous inflorescence is a development from the proteranthous condition in which the growth of the pseudobulb and leaves is deferred until after the flowering […]
Of a plant: having leaves that appear earlier than the flowers.
2012 July 16, Rina Kamenetsky, “Biodiversity of Geophytes: Phytogeography, Morphology, and Survival Strategies”, in Rina Kamenetsky, Hiroshi Okubo, editors, Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 59:
In hysteranthous plants, the photosynthesis rate is very low from flower emergence until anthesis. […] In contrast, in proteranthous growth the foliage dies down before the flower is produced and photosynthesis takes place before flowering[…].
Usage notes
In Elements of Botany (1836), the AmericanbotanistAsa Gray (1810–1888) defined the word as “leaves appearing earlier than the flowers” (sense 2), but subsequently in Gray’s Botanical Text-book. Vol. I. (6th edition, 1879) it was defined as “flowers appearing earlier than the leaves” (sense 1): see the quotations above.