pugnar

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin pugnāre. Doublet of punyar.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
IPA^(key): (Valencia)

Verb

pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugní, past participle pugnat)

fight
exert (oneself)

Conjugation

Conjugation of pugnar (first conjugation)

person		singular			plural
infinitive			pugnar
gerund			pugnant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		pugnat		pugnada
		plural		pugnats		pugnades
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	pugno	pugnes	pugna	pugnem	pugneu	pugnen
	imperfect	pugnava	pugnaves	pugnava	pugnàvem	pugnàveu	pugnaven
	future	pugnaré	pugnaràs	pugnarà	pugnarem	pugnareu	pugnaran
	preterite	pugní	pugnares	pugnà	pugnàrem	pugnàreu	pugnaren
	conditional	pugnaria	pugnaries	pugnaria	pugnaríem	pugnaríeu	pugnarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	pugni	pugnis	pugni	pugnem	pugneu	pugnin
	imperfect	pugnés	pugnessis	pugnés	pugnéssim	pugnéssiu	pugnessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	pugna	pugni	pugnem	pugneu	pugnin
	negative (no)	—	no pugnis	no pugni	no pugnem	no pugneu	no pugnin

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ , /puɡˈna(ʁ)/
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /pu.ɡiˈna(ɾ)/, /puɡˈna(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ , /puɡˈna(ʁ)/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /puɡˈna(ɻ)/, /pu.ɡiˈna(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /puˈɡnaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /puˈɡna.ɾi/

Hyphenation: pug‧nar

Verb

pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugnei, past participle pugnado)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Conjugation

Conjugation of pugnar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	pugnar
Personal	pugnar	pugnares	pugnar	pugnarmos	pugnardes	pugnarem
Gerund
	pugnando
Past participle
Masculine	pugnado			pugnados
Feminine	pugnada			pugnadas
Indicative
Present	pugno	pugnas	pugna	pugnamos	pugnais	pugnam
Imperfect	pugnava	pugnavas	pugnava	pugnávamos	pugnáveis	pugnavam
Preterite	pugnei	pugnaste	pugnou	pugnamos¹, pugnámos²	pugnastes	pugnaram
Pluperfect	pugnara	pugnaras	pugnara	pugnáramos	pugnáreis	pugnaram
Future	pugnarei	pugnarás	pugnará	pugnaremos	pugnareis	pugnarão
Conditional	pugnaria	pugnarias	pugnaria	pugnaríamos	pugnaríeis	pugnariam
Subjunctive
Present	pugne	pugnes	pugne	pugnemos	pugneis	pugnem
Imperfect	pugnasse	pugnasses	pugnasse	pugnássemos	pugnásseis	pugnassem
Future	pugnar	pugnares	pugnar	pugnarmos	pugnardes	pugnarem
Imperative
Affirmative		pugna	pugne	pugnemos	pugnai	pugnem
Negative (não)		não pugnes	não pugne	não pugnemos	não pugneis	não pugnem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin pugnāre. Doublet of puñar.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /puɡˈnaɾ/
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: pug‧nar

Verb

pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugné, past participle pugnado)

to struggle; fight
to conflict
- 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page VIII:
  El pueblo acepta sin trabajo lo que está habituado a oir, aunque pugne con sus convicciones, a trueque no enredarse en argumentaciones molestas que no le interesan y que tampoco está seguro de saber formular con acierto.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of pugnar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			pugnar
gerund			pugnando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		pugnado		pugnada
		plural		pugnados		pugnadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	pugno	pugnas^{^tú} pugnás^{^vos}	pugna	pugnamos	pugnáis	pugnan
	imperfect	pugnaba	pugnabas	pugnaba	pugnábamos	pugnabais	pugnaban
	preterite	pugné	pugnaste	pugnó	pugnamos	pugnasteis	pugnaron
	future	pugnaré	pugnarás	pugnará	pugnaremos	pugnaréis	pugnarán
	conditional	pugnaría	pugnarías	pugnaría	pugnaríamos	pugnaríais	pugnarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	pugne	pugnes^{^tú} pugnés^{^vos²}	pugne	pugnemos	pugnéis	pugnen
	imperfect (ra)	pugnara	pugnaras	pugnara	pugnáramos	pugnarais	pugnaran
	imperfect (se)	pugnase	pugnases	pugnase	pugnásemos	pugnaseis	pugnasen
	future¹	pugnare	pugnares	pugnare	pugnáremos	pugnareis	pugnaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		pugna^{^tú} pugná^{^vos}	pugne	pugnemos	pugnad	pugnen
	negative		no pugnes	no pugne	no pugnemos	no pugnéis	no pugnen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of pugnar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive pugnar	dative	pugnarme	pugnarte	pugnarle, pugnarse	pugnarnos	pugnaros	pugnarles, pugnarse
with infinitive pugnar	accusative	pugnarme	pugnarte	pugnarlo, pugnarla, pugnarse	pugnarnos	pugnaros	pugnarlos, pugnarlas, pugnarse

with gerund pugnando	dative	pugnándome	pugnándote	pugnándole, pugnándose	pugnándonos	pugnándoos	pugnándoles, pugnándose
with gerund pugnando	accusative	pugnándome	pugnándote	pugnándolo, pugnándola, pugnándose	pugnándonos	pugnándoos	pugnándolos, pugnándolas, pugnándose

with informal second-person singular tú imperative pugna	dative	púgname	púgnate	púgnale	púgnanos	not used	púgnales
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pugna	accusative	púgname	púgnate	púgnalo, púgnala	púgnanos	not used	púgnalos, púgnalas

with informal second-person singular vos imperative pugná	dative	pugname	pugnate	pugnale	pugnanos	not used	pugnales
with informal second-person singular vos imperative pugná	accusative	pugname	pugnate	pugnalo, pugnala	pugnanos	not used	pugnalos, pugnalas

with formal second-person singular imperative pugne	dative	púgneme	not used	púgnele, púgnese	púgnenos	not used	púgneles
with formal second-person singular imperative pugne	accusative	púgneme	not used	púgnelo, púgnela, púgnese	púgnenos	not used	púgnelos, púgnelas

with first-person plural imperative pugnemos	dative	not used	pugnémoste	pugnémosle	pugnémonos	pugnémoos	pugnémosles
with first-person plural imperative pugnemos	accusative	not used	pugnémoste	pugnémoslo, pugnémosla	pugnémonos	pugnémoos	pugnémoslos, pugnémoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative pugnad	dative	pugnadme	not used	pugnadle	pugnadnos	pugnaos	pugnadles
with informal second-person plural imperative pugnad	accusative	pugnadme	not used	pugnadlo, pugnadla	pugnadnos	pugnaos	pugnadlos, pugnadlas

with formal second-person plural imperative pugnen	dative	púgnenme	not used	púgnenle	púgnennos	not used	púgnenles, púgnense
with formal second-person plural imperative pugnen	accusative	púgnenme	not used	púgnenlo, púgnenla	púgnennos	not used	púgnenlos, púgnenlas, púgnense

pugnar

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

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