puna

English

Alternative forms

• Puna

Etymology

From Spanish puna, from Quechua puna.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -uːnə

Noun

puna (plural punas)

1. An alpine biological community in the central portion of the Andes in which short, coarse grass supports a Native American population.
   • 2009, M. Hermann, T. Bernet, The transition of maca from neglect to market prominence, page 18:

     The overwhelming majority of maca roots are dried after harvest. In the cold, dry atmosphere of the puna the dried roots remain edible for several years. A minor proportion of the freshly harvested roots are roasted in huatias, earthen ovens […]

Derived terms

Anagrams

• napu

Cavineña

Noun

puna

1. root of epuna

References

• Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN

Esperanto

Etymology

From puni +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: pu‧na

Adjective

puna (accusative singular punan, plural punaj, accusative plural punajn)

1. Of or relating to punishment; punitive

   punaj metodoj; puna ekspedicio

   punitive methods, expedition

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognate to Finnish puna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/,

Noun

puna (genitive puna, partitive puna)

1. the colour red

Declension

Derived terms

• punane
• punakas

References

• “puna”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *puna, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *puna (“color, hair”). Cognate with Erzya пона (pona, “hair”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/,
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pu‧na

Noun

puna

1. The color red.

   Synonym: ruso

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• “puna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• Panu

French

Noun

puna f (plural punas)

1. puna

Further reading

• “puna”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

Galician

Verb

puna

1. inflection of punar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of punir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Hawaiian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Maori puna, Samoan puna.

Noun

puna

1. spring (water source)
2. coral, lime, plaster

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”) (compare with Maori punga (“coral, anchor”) and pungapunga (“pumice”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga, Samoan puga) from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”) (compare with Fijian vuga), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge, lit. 'stone bloom'”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”) (compare with Malay bunga (“flower”) and bunga karang (“sponge”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”)). Doublet of pua.

Noun

puna

1. coral, lime, plaster
2. calcium

   Synonym: kalipuna

Etymology 3

Cognate with Maori pungapunga (“ankle”) and Samoan puga (“groin”).

Noun

puna

1. section between joints or nodes, internodes

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

puna

1. cuttlebone

Etymology 5

From English spoon.

Noun

puna

1. spoon

   Aia i hea ke puna kāwili? ― Where is the stirring spoon?

Related terms

• punapuna

References

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognates include Finnish puna and Estonian puna.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/,
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Hyphenation: pu‧na

Noun

puna

1. (in compounds) red

Declension

Derived terms

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 441

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Hawaiian puna, Samoan puna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.na/,

Noun

puna

1. spring of water; well; pool

Verb

puna

1. to well up; to flow

References

Further reading

• “puna” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Pali

Alternative forms

Particle

puna

1. again

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: pu‧na

Verb

puna

1. inflection of punir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Quechua

Not to be confused with phuña

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

puna

1. lofty region, elevated cold plains
2. Andean altitude between 4,000m and 5,000m

Declension

Descendants

• → Spanish: puna
  • → English: puna

See also

• (Peruvian ecoregions) Piruwpi sallqasuyukuna; challa, hanka, puna, qhichwa, rupha rupha, sallqa/suni, umawa, yunka ^{(Category: qu:Peruvian ecoregions)}

Sakizaya

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pu.ˈna/,

Noun

puna

1. belly button

Samoan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Hawaiian puna, Maori puna.

Noun

puna

1. spring of water

References

• George Pratt (1861) “puna”, in Samoan dictionary: English and Samoan and Samoan and English with a short grammar of the Samoan dialect, Matautu, Samoa: London Missionary Society Press, page 171

Serbo-Croatian

Adjective

puna

1. inflection of pun:
   1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
   2. indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
   3. indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
   4. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpuna/
• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: pu‧na

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Quechua puna.

Noun

puna f (plural punas)

1. (Latin America) puna, Andean plateau
2. (Latin America) altitude sickness
3. (Latin America) Cold mountain wind

Derived terms

Descendants

• → English: puna

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

puna

1. inflection of punir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “puna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swahili

Verb

-puna (infinitive kupuna)

1. to wipe off

Conjugation

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• pona — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /puˈna/,
• Hyphenation: pu‧na

Noun

puná (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ)

1. notice; observation; noticing

   Synonyms: obserbasyon, pansin, reparo

2. remark; comment

   Synonyms: komentaryo, pansin

3. adverse criticism; objection; criticism

   Synonyms: kritika, pintas, tutol

Derived terms

Further reading

• “puna”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *puna.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/,
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Hyphenation: pu‧na

Noun

puna

1. red (colour)

Inflection

Derived terms

• punanõ

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “puna”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Warlpiri

Noun

puna

1. ash