punnoa

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Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *punoidak. Cognates include Finnish punoa and Estonian punuda.

Pronunciation

Verb

punnoa

  1. (transitive) to intertwine
  2. (intransitive) to run quickly

Conjugation

Conjugation of punnoa (type 1/ampua, no gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular punon en puno 1st singular oon punont, oon punonut en oo punont, en oo punonut
2nd singular punot et puno 2nd singular oot punont, oot punonut et oo punont, et oo punonut
3rd singular punnoo ei puno 3rd singular ono punont, ono punonut ei oo punont, ei oo punonut
1st plural punomma emmä puno 1st plural oomma punoneet emmä oo punoneet
2nd plural punotta että puno 2nd plural ootta punoneet että oo punoneet
3rd plural punnoot1), punovat2), punotaa evät puno, ei punota 3rd plural ovat punoneet evät oo punoneet, ei oo punottu
impersonal punotaa ei punota impersonal ono punottu ei oo punottu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular punoin en punont, en punonut 1st singular olin punont, olin punonut en olt punont, en olt punonut
2nd singular punoit et punont, et punonut 2nd singular olit punont, olit punonut et olt punont, et olt punonut
3rd singular punoi ei punont, ei punonut 3rd singular oli punont, oli punonut ei olt punont, ei olt punonut
1st plural punoimma emmä punoneet 1st plural olimma punoneet emmä olleet punoneet
2nd plural punoitta että punoneet 2nd plural olitta punoneet että olleet punoneet
3rd plural punnoit1), punoivat2), punottii evät punoneet, ei punottu 3rd plural olivat punoneet evät olleet punoneet, ei olt punottu
impersonal punottii ei punottu impersonal oli punottu ei olt punottu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular punoisin en punois 1st singular olisin punont, olisin punonut en olis punont, en olis punonut
2nd singular punoisit, punnoist1) et punois 2nd singular olisit punont, olisit punonut et olis punont, et olis punonut
3rd singular punois ei punois 3rd singular olis punont, olis punonut ei olis punont, ei olis punonut
1st plural punoisimma emmä punois 1st plural olisimma punoneet emmä olis punoneet
2nd plural punoisitta että punois 2nd plural olisitta punoneet että olis punoneet
3rd plural punoisiit1), punoisivat2), punottais evät punois, ei punottais 3rd plural olisivat punoneet evät olis punoneet, ei olis punottu
impersonal punottais ei punottais impersonal olis punottu ei olis punottu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular puno elä puno 2nd singular oo punont, oo punonut elä oo punont, elä oo punonut
3rd singular punokoo elköö punoko 3rd singular olkoo punont, olkoo punonut elköö olko punont, elköö olko punonut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural punokaa elkää punoko 2nd plural olkaa punoneet elkää olko punoneet
3rd plural punokoot elkööt punoko, elköö punottako 3rd plural olkoot punoneet elkööt olko punoneet, elköö olko punottu
impersonal punottakkoo elköö punottako impersonal olkoo punottu elköö olko punottu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular punonen en punone
2nd singular punonet et punone
3rd singular punonoo ei punone
1st plural punonemma emmä punone
2nd plural punonetta että punone
3rd plural punonoot evät punone, ei punottane
impersonal punottannoo ei punottane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st punnoa present punova punottava
2nd inessive punojees past punont, punonut punottu
instructive punnoen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (punokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative punomaa
inessive punomaas
elative punomast
abessive punomata
4th nominative punomiin
partitive punomista, punomist

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 441

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *punodak.

Pronunciation

Verb

punnoa

  1. (transitive) to intertwine, twine, plait, weave

Inflection

Conjugation of punnoa (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation, gemination)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular punon en puno 1st singular õõn punonnu en õõ punonnu
2nd singular punod ed puno 2nd singular õõd punonnu ed õõ punonnu
3rd singular punob eb puno 3rd singular on punonnu eb õõ punonnu
1st plural punommõ emmä puno 1st plural õõmmõ punonnu emmä õõ punonnu
2nd plural punottõ että puno 2nd plural õõttõ punonnu että õõ punonnu
3rd plural punota eväd puno 3rd plural õlla punottu eväd õõ punottu
impersonal punota eväd puno impersonal õlla punottu eväd õõ punottu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular punozin en punonnu 1st singular õlin punonnu —
2nd singular punozid ed punonnu 2nd singular õlid punonnu —
3rd singular puno eb punonnu 3rd singular õli punonnu —
1st plural punozimmõ emmä punonnu 1st plural õlimmõ punonnu —
2nd plural punozittõ että punonnu 2nd plural õlittõ punonnu —
3rd plural punotti eväd punottu 3rd plural õlti punottu —
impersonal punotti eväd punottu impersonal õlti punottu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular punoizin en punoizʹ 1st singular õllõizin punonnu en õllõizʹ punonnu
2nd singular punoizid ed punoizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid punonnu ed õllõizʹ punonnu
3rd singular punoizʹ eb punoizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ punonnu eb õllõizʹ punonnu
1st plural punoizimmõ emmä punoizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ punonnu emmä õllõizʹ punonnu
2nd plural punoizittõ että punoizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ punonnu että õllõizʹ punonnu
3rd plural punottaizʹ eväd punottaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ punottu eväd õltaizʹ punottu
impersonal punottaizʹ eväd punottaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ punottu eväd õltaizʹ punottu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular puno elä puno
3rd singular punogo1) elko punogo1)
1st plural — —
2nd plural punoga elka punoga
3rd plural punogod1) —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st punnoa present punojõ2) —
2nd illative punoma past punonnu punottu
inessive punomõz 1) using la is more common
2) also used as the agent noun
elative punomõssõ
abessive punomõttõ

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “punoa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Wikious
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