quartus

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Latin

Latin numbers (edit)
40
 ←  3 IV
4
5  → 
    Cardinal: quattuor
    Ordinal: quārtus
    Adverbial: quater
    Multiplier: quadruplex, quadruplus
    Distributive: quaternus, quadrīnus
    Collective: quaterniō
    Fractional: quadrāns, teruncius

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeturtos ~ *kʷetwr̥tos (whence Ancient Greek τέταρτος (tétartos), Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha) and Proto-Germanic *fedurþô), from *kʷetwóres (four). Cognate to quadrus (square), from sense “four-sided”. For the phonetic development, De Vaan cites Schrijder positing *kʷtwr̥to- > (with voicing of t) *kʷdwr̥to- > *kʷadworto-, followed by dw > w (cf. suāvis). The resulting *kʷawortos would regularly become quārtus (cf. Māvors > Mārs).

Pronunciation

Numeral

quārtus (feminine quārta, neuter quārtum); first/second-declension numeral

  1. fourth, the ordinal number after tertius and before quintus

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative quārtus quārta quārtum quārtī quārtae quārta
Genitive quārtī quārtae quārtī quārtōrum quārtārum quārtōrum
Dative quārtō quārtō quārtīs
Accusative quārtum quārtam quārtum quārtōs quārtās quārta
Ablative quārtō quārtā quārtō quārtīs
Vocative quārte quārta quārtum quārtī quārtae quārta

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • quartus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • quartus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • quartus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • quartus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “quattuor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505