quartus

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Latin

Latin numbers (edit)
40
 ←  3 IV
4 		5  → 
    Cardinal: quattuor
    Ordinal: quārtus
    Adverbial: quater
    Proportional: quadruplus
    Multiplier: quadruplex, quadriplex
    Distributive: quaternus, quadrīnus
    Collective: quaterniō
    Fractional: quadrāns, teruncius

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeturtos ~ *kʷetwr̥tos (whence Ancient Greek τέταρτος (tétartos), Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha), Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketwirtas and Proto-Germanic *fedurþô), from *kʷetwóres (“four”). Cognate to quadrus (“square”), from sense “four-sided”. For the phonetic development, De Vaan[1] cites Schrijver[2] positing *kʷtwr̥to- > (with voicing of t) *kʷdwr̥to- > *kʷadworto-, followed by dw > w (cf. suāvis). The resulting *kʷawortos would regularly become quārtus (cf. Māvors > Mārs).

Pronunciation

Numeral

quārtus (feminine quārta, neuter quārtum); first/second-declension numeral

  1. fourth, the ordinal number after tertius and before quintus

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative quārtus quārta quārtum quārtī quārtae quārta
genitive quārtī quārtae quārtī quārtōrum quārtārum quārtōrum
dative quārtō quārtae quārtō quārtīs
accusative quārtum quārtam quārtum quārtōs quārtās quārta
ablative quārtō quārtā quārtō quārtīs
vocative quārte quārta quārtum quārtī quārtae quārta

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505
  2. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 491-492

Further reading

  • “quartus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “quartus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "quartus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • quartus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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