50 | ||
[a], [b] ← 4 | V 5 |
6 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: quīnque Ordinal: quīntus Adverbial: quīnquiēs, quīnquiēns Proportional: quīnquiplus, quīntuplus, quīncuplus Multiplier: quīnquiplex, quīntuplex, quīncuplex, quinqueplex Distributive: quīnus Collective: quīniō Fractional: quīntāns |
Probably from earlier *kʷenksnos. Equivalent to quīnque (“five”) + -nus.
quīnus (feminine quīna, neuter quīnum); first/second-declension numeral
This is part of the Latin series of distributive numerals. These numerals are inflected as first/second-declension adjectives; in Classical Latin, they typically accompany plural nouns (with which they agree in case and gender) and have the following functions:
These adjectives do not normally occur in the singular.[4] Because of this, many grammars and dictionaries treat them as plural-only words and refer to them using the nominative masculine plural form in -ī, rather than the nominative masculine singular form in -us (which is often unattested in Classical Latin). However, some of these adjectives are attested in the singular in Classical Latin poetry[1] (e.g. Sed neque Centauri fuerunt, nec tempore in ullo / esse queunt duplici natura et corpore bino..., Titus Lucretius Carus, De Rerum Natura 5.879, and Sic tu bis fueris consul, bis consul et ille, / inque domo binus conspicietur honor, Publius Ovidius Naso, Epistulae ex Ponto 4.9.64; "corpore bino" here seems to have the sense of "twofold body", and "binus ... honor" the sense of "double/dual/twofold honor"). Singular forms are also attested in postclassical Latin, where these adjectives sometimes have non-distributive meanings (taking an ordinal, cardinal, or collective sense instead). These alternative senses are sometimes continued by Romance descendants (e.g. Spanish noveno (“ninth”) from Latin novēnus).
The genitive plural of singulus is usually singulōrum/singulārum, but distributive numerals greater than one commonly use short genitive plural forms ending in -um rather than the longer forms ending in -ōrum and -ārum.[4][2]
First/second-declension adjective (distributive, normally plural-only; short genitive plurals in -num preferred).
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | quīnus | quīna | quīnum | quīnī | quīnae | quīna | |
genitive | quīnī | quīnae | quīnī | quīnum quīnōrum |
quīnum quīnārum |
quīnum quīnōrum | |
dative | quīnō | quīnae | quīnō | quīnīs | |||
accusative | quīnum | quīnam | quīnum | quīnōs | quīnās | quīna | |
ablative | quīnō | quīnā | quīnō | quīnīs | |||
vocative | quīne | quīna | quīnum | quīnī | quīnae | quīna |
From quīna: