quisque

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Latin

Etymology

From quis +‎ -que (“each”). Compare to quoque and quisquam, and a parallel development in Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 (ƕazuh).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quidque or quicque); indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only
quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quodque); indefinite adjectival pronoun

  1. each one, each person, each individual
  2. everybody, everyone
  3. anyone, whoever

Usage notes

  • The dative or ablative plural quīsque does appear in Titus Lucrētius Carus' Dē rērum nātūrā book IV: "praestō sint simulacra, locīs in quīsque, parātā"[1][2] Some old editions of the 18th and 19th century however have "Praestō sint simulacra, locōs in quōsque, parātā"[3][4]
  • In Plautus and Terence, the feminine nominative and accusative singular can be quisque and quemque, identical to the masculine (compare use of quis as a feminine interrogative pronoun or adjective in the same time periods).[5]
  • There seems to be one inscriptional example of quīque as an alternative nominative singular masculine form[5] ("quando quique eorum decesserit", CIL 6.1229[6]).

Declension

Irregular substantival pronoun: Indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only.

Number Singular
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative quisque quaeque quidque
quicque
Genitive cuiusque1
Dative cuique1
Accusative quemque quamque quidque
quicque
Ablative quōque
quīque 		quāque
quīque 		quōque
quīque

1In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

Irregular adjectival pronoun: Indefinite adjectival pronoun.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative quisque quaeque quodque quīque1 quaeque
Genitive cuiusque1 quōrumque quārumque quōrumque
Dative cuique1 quibusque
quīsque1
Accusative quemque quamque quodque quōsque quāsque quaeque
Ablative quōque quāque quōque quibusque
quīsque1

1In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

Derived terms

Latin correlatives (edit)
type demonstrative anaphoric identity interrogative/
relative		 indefinite negative other
proximal medial distal relative indefinite free choice universal negative polarity
basic hic iste, istic ille, illic is ipse, īdem quis/quī quisquis, quīcumque quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam quīvis, quīlibet quisque quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam nēmō, nihil, nūllus alius
dual uter utercumque alteruter utervīs, uterlibet uterque neuter alter
place hīc istīc illīc ibī̆ ibī̆dem ubī̆ ubiubi, ubī̆cumque alicubī, uspiam ubivīs, ubilibet ubīque usquam nusquam, nūllibī alibī, aliās
source hinc istinc illinc inde indidem unde undecumque, undeunde alicunde °undelibet undique aliunde
destination hūc, °hōrsum istūc, °istōrsum illūc, °illōrsum eō eōdem quō, quōrsum quōquō, quōcumque aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum quōvīs, quōlibet quōquam nusquam, nūllōrsum aliō, aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place 		hāc istāc illāc eā eādem quā quāquā, quācumque aliquā quāvīs, quālibet quāque nēquāquam, haudquāquam aliā
manner hōc modō istō modō illō modō ita, sīc,
eō modō		 item, itidem ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō quōmodolibet utīque ūllō modō nūllō modō aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time num, nunc ōlim tum, tunc simul quandō, ‡cum cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque quondam, aliquandō quandōlibet quandōque umquam numquam aliās
quantity tam †tamen, †tandem quam †quamquam aliquam quamvīs, quamlibet
size tantus tantusdem quantus quantuscumque aliquantus quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality tālis quālis quālis, quāliscumque aliquālis quālislibet
number tot totidem quot quotquot, quotcumque aliquot quotlibet
order totus quotus quotuscumque aliquotus quotuslibet
repetition totiēns quotiēns quotiēnscumque aliquotiēns quotiēnslibet
multiplication totuplex quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

Descendants

  • Sardinian: kis (Old Sardinian)[7]
  • → Spanish: quisque

References

  1. ^ Friedrich Neue, Formenlehre der Lateinischen Sprache, 2nd part, 2nd edition, Berlin, 1875, p. 245: "Dat. und Ablat. Plur. neben quibusque auch quisque Lucr. 4, 798".
  2. ^ Lukrez: Von der Natur. Lateinisch-deutsch. Herausgegeben und übersetzt von Hermann Diels. 3rd edition, 2013, p. 354, line 798
  3. ^ T. Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libros sex. Edited by Ricardus Bentleius and Gilbertus Wakefield, vol. II., London, 1797, p. 328, line 799, with the note: "Ver. 799. sint: Vind. V. ed. B. L. Δ. Π. Σ. in; M. sin: sed nullum esse dubitandi locum de vulgatâ voce censeo.—locos: O. Σ. locis, ut editiones communes; vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus, non auscultandae.—quosque: sic P. Δ. Π. reliqui omnes, quisque; quae vox quo pacto cum locos in unâ sede morari queat, non invenio. Quod edidi, prius ex conjecturâ scripseram, quam libros ullos noverim concordantes. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum est pro vulgari in locis: me videas ad i. 889. Hyginus, fab. xli. "Quem pater cum mitteret, praedixit ei, ut, si victor reverteretur, vela candida in novem haberet." Qui locus incontinentes correctorum manus expertus est, Munckero tamen merito defensus. Idem, fab. cxxxix. "Juno autem Jovem in Cretensi insulâ detulit."
  4. ^ Titi Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libri sex. Edited by P. Aug. Lemaire, vol. I., Paris, 1838, p. 526, line 800, with the note: "800. Locos in quosque. Vulgo locis in queisque, vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum pro vulgari in locis, vide ad I, 889. Wak."
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 “quisque” on pages 1562-1563 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
  6. ^ https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/3593910/image/3597130
  7. ^ Bonfante, Giuliano, Bonfante, Larissa (1999) The Origin of the Romance Languages, page 100: “The Latin pronouns aliquis, unusquique, quisque survive in Old Sardinian (alikis, uniskis, unukis, kis) in the sense of ‘each’ (Meyer-Lübke, Altlog., 41; Wagner p. 129), which aliquis did not have in Latin.”

Further reading

  • “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • quisque in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • quisque in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • all learned men: omnes docti, quivis doctus, doctissimus quisque
    • (ambiguous) at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
    • (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno

Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin quisque.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkiske/
  • Rhymes: -iske
  • Syllabification: quis‧que

Noun

quisque m (uncountable)

  1. (informal) person, someone
    todo quisque ― everyone

Further reading

Wikious
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Sagapedia