quivis

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Latin

Etymology

From quī +‎ vīs.

Pronoun

quīvīs (feminine quaevīs, neuter quidvīs); relative/interrogative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion

  1. whoever you will, anyone, anything
  2. whatever (you will), whatsoever

Declension

Relative/interrogative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative quīvīs quaevīs quidvīs quīvīs1 quaevīs
Genitive cuiusvīs1 quōrunvīs
quōrumvīs 		quārunvīs
quārumvīs 		quōrunvīs
quōrumvīs
Dative cuivīs1 quibusvīs
quīsvīs1
Accusative quenvīs
quemvīs 		quanvīs
quamvīs 		quidvīs quōsvīs quāsvīs quaevīs
Ablative quōvīs quāvīs quōvīs quibusvīs
quīsvīs1

1In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

Determiner

quīvis (feminine quaevīs, neuter quodvīs); relative/interrogative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion

  1. whichever, whatever (person or thing)

Usage notes

  • The pronoun is used in place of a noun, while the determiner is used in place of an adjective (e.g. whichever man, whatever speech). The declensions differ only in the neuter nominative/accusative singular: quidvīs as a pronoun, quodvīs as a determiner.

Declension

Relative/interrogative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative quīvis quaevīs quodvīs quīvīs1 quaevīs
Genitive cuiusvīs1 quōrunvīs
quōrumvīs 		quārunvīs
quārumvīs 		quōrunvīs
quōrumvīs
Dative cuivīs1 quibusvīs
quīsvīs1
Accusative quenvīs
quemvīs 		quanvīs
quamvīs 		quodvīs quōsvīs quāsvīs quaevīs
Ablative quōvīs quāvīs quōvīs quibusvīs
quīsvīs1

1In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

Related terms

Latin correlatives (edit)
type demonstrative anaphoric identity interrogative/
relative		 indefinite negative other
proximal medial distal relative indefinite universal free choice negative polarity
basic hic iste, istic ille, illic is ipse, īdem quis/quī quisquis, quīcumque quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam quisque quīvis, quīlibet quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam nēmō, nihil, nūllus alius
dual uter utercumque alteruter uterque utervīs, uterlibet neuter alter
place hīc istīc illīc ibī̆ ibī̆dem ubī̆ ubiubi, ubī̆cumque alicubī, uspiam ubīque ubivīs, ubilibet usquam nusquam, nūllibī alibī, aliās
source hinc istinc illinc inde indidem unde undecumque, undeunde alicunde undique °undelibet aliunde
destination hūc, °hōrsum istūc, °istōrsum illūc, °illōrsum eō eōdem quō, quōrsum quōquō, quōcumque aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum quōvīs, quōlibet quōquam nusquam, nūllōrsum aliō, aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place 		hāc istāc illāc eā eādem quā quāquā, quācumque aliquā quāque quāvīs, quālibet nēquāquam, haudquāquam aliā
manner hōc modō istō modō illō modō ita, sīc,
eō modō		 item, itidem ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō utique quōmodolibet ūllō modō nūllō modō aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time num, nunc ōlim tum, tunc simul quandō, ‡cum cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque quondam, aliquandō quandōque quandōlibet umquam numquam aliās
quantity tam †tamen, †tandem quam †quamquam aliquam quamvīs, quamlibet
size tantus tantusdem quantus quantuscumque aliquantus quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality tālis quālis quālis, quāliscumque aliquālis quālislibet
number tot totidem quot quotquot, quotcumque aliquot quotlibet
order totus quotus quotuscumque aliquotus quotuslibet
repetition totiēns quotiēns quotiēnscumque aliquotiēns quotiēnslibet
multiplication totuplex quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

See also

References

  • “quivis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “quivis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • quivis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • all learned men: omnes docti, quivis doctus, doctissimus quisque

Portuguese

Noun

quivis

  1. plural of quivi
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