rún

See also: Appendix:Variations of "run"

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɹʉuːn/
Rhymes: -ʉuːn

Noun

rún f (genitive singular rúnar, plural rúnir)

rune
(in the plural: rúnir) magic

Declension

Declension of rún
f2	singular		plural
f2	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rún	rúnin	rúnir	rúnirnar
accusative	rún	rúnina	rúnir	rúnirnar
dative	rún	rúnini	rúnum	rúnunum
genitive	rúnar	rúnarinnar	rúna	rúnanna

Icelandic

Icelandic Wikipedia has an article on:

rún

Wikipedia ^is

Etymology

From Old Norse rún (“secret; rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ruːn/
Rhymes: -uːn

Noun

rún f (genitive singular rúnar, nominative plural rúnir)

rune
magical symbol
(archaic or poetic) secret wisdom
(obsolete) female confidant
Synonym: rúna

Declension

declension of rún

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
f-s2	singular		plural
nominative	rún	rúnin	rúnir	rúnirnar
accusative	rún	rúnina	rúnir	rúnirnar
dative	rún	rúninni	rúnum	rúnunum
genitive	rúnar	rúnarinnar	rúna	rúnanna

Derived terms

^?Úlfrún f

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish rún (“mystery, secret”) (whence also Scottish Gaelic rùn, Manx roon), from Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Cognate with Welsh rhin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾˠuːn̪ˠ/, /ɾˠuːnˠ/

Noun

rún m (genitive singular rúin, nominative plural rúin)

mystery
secret
secret intention, purpose
secret disposition; (evil) design
(formal) resolution
love, affection
loved one; dear one, friend
term of endearment
A rún mo chroí! ― My darling!

Declension

Declension of rún

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rún	rúin
Vocative	a rúin	a rúna
Genitive	rúin	rún
Dative	rún	rúin

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an rún	na rúin
Genitive	an rúin	na rún
Dative	leis an rún don rún	leis na rúin

Derived terms

cara rúin (“confidant”)
dea-rún (“good intention”)
faoi rún (“in confidence”)
margadh rúin (“sweetheart deal”)
rún buíochais (“vote of thanks”)
rún cáinte (“vote of censure”)
rún ceilge (“treacherous intent, plot”)
rún diaga (“divine mystery”)
rún díoltais (“design of vengeance”)
rún gadaí (“malicious intent of thief”)
rúnach (“runic; secret, mysterious”)
rúnach (“darling, sweetheart”)
rúnaí
rúnchara (“confidant”)
rúnda
rúndaingean (“strong-minded, resolute”)
rúndiamhair (“mystical, mysterious”)
rúndiamhair (“(religious) mystery”)
rúnmhar (“close, secretive”)
scéal rúin

References

^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 rún”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 86

Mandarin

Romanization

rún (run², Zhuyin ㄖㄨㄣˊ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 犉
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瞤／𥆧

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Cognate with Welsh rhin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r͈uːn/

Noun

rún f (genitive rúine, nominative plural rúna)

mystery, secret
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13^a12
  Má beid ní di rúnaib do·théi ar menmuin ind ḟir bíis inna ṡuidiu et ad·reig.
  If there are any of the mysteries that may come upon the mind of the man who is sitting, and he rises.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27^c22
  Is airi am cimbid-se hóre no·pridchim in rúin sin.
  It is for that reason that I am a captive, because I preach that mystery.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	rún^L	rúin^L	rúna^H
Vocative	rún^L	rúin^L	rúna^H
Accusative	rúin^N	rúin^L	rúna^H
Genitive	rúine^H	rún^L	rún^N
Dative	rúin^L	rúnaib	rúnaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

rúnde

Descendants

Irish: rún
Scottish Gaelic: rùn
Manx: roon

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
rún also rrún after a proclitic	rún pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse

photograph of the inscription on the Einang stone, which may be the oldest attestation of this word

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō, whence also Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”), Old Saxon rūna (Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)), Middle High German rūne (“whisper”), Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”). Or from the Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root). Compare German Rune and Swedish runa.

Noun

rún f (genitive rúnar, plural rúnar or rúnir)

secret
rune

Declension

Declension of rún (strong ō-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rún	rúnin	rúnar, rúnir	rúnarnar, rúnirnar
accusative	rún	rúnina	rúnar, rúnir	rúnarnar, rúnirnar
dative	rún	rúninni	rúnum	rúnunum
genitive	rúnar	rúnarinnar	rúna	rúnanna

Derived terms

sigrún (“victory rune”)

Descendants

Icelandic: rún f
Faroese: rún f
Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n
Old Swedish: rūn, rūna
- Swedish: runa c or f
Old Danish: rune
- Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl
  - Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f
  - → German: Rune f
    - → Dutch: rune
  - → English: rune
    - → Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)

References

Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Noun

rún • (𦠆)

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of rốn (“navel”)
Chuồn chuồn cắn rún biết bơi. (Popular myth among children in Vietnam)
If you let a dragonfly bite your belly button, you would know who to swim.

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