rast

rast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)

1. chance

   Synonyms: shans, mundësi, fat

2. occasion

• IPA^(key): /ʁaːst/

rast

1. inflection of rasen:
   1. second/third-person singular present
   2. second-person plural present
   3. plural imperative

• IPA^(key): /ʁast/

rast

1. singular imperative of rasten
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of rasten

This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”).^[1] Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast.

The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast (“to get used to”), etc.).

Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти́ (rastí), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).^[2]

• IPA^(key):

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rast (transitive, 1st conjugation, present rodu, rodi, rod, past radu)

1. to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)

   rast jaunu dzimteni ― to find a new homeland

   nerast nekur mieru ― to not find peace anywhere

   rast kopīgu valodu ― to find a common language (= to communicate)

   mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!

2. to find (to discover via research)

   institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found

3. to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)

   kā lai vārdus rod? ― how does one find the (right) words?

4. to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)

   kur rast atbalstu? draugos? ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?

   viņš rod ierosmi dabā ― he finds inspiration in nature

   viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu ― she would like to find approval

5. to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)

   rast draudzību ― to find friendship

   komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience

6. to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)

   rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku ― to find strength, comfort, joy

   rast prieku darbā ― to find joy in work

   cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain

7. (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to

   viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired

   meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi ― the girl wasn't used to hard work

8. (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known

   uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

• rasties
• (dated term) rastīgs

• radīt
• radi, radinieks
• rasma, rasmīgs
• raža, ražens, ražīgs

From Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.

• IPA^(key): /rɑːst/

rast

1. straight
2. right, correct
3. right (dexter, opposite of left)
4. true, right
5. erect
6. direct

rast

1. past participle of rase

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic растъ (rastŭ).

rast n (uncountable)

1. spleen inflammation

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.

• IPA^(key): /râːst/

rȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)

1. (uncountable) growth
2. (uncountable) height

• rȃsti

• “rast”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.

• IPA^(key): /ráːst/

rȃst f

1. growth

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

• rásti

• “rast”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

From Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō (“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”).

rast c

1. (countable or uncountable) a break (rest or pause, usually from work)

   Nu tar vi rast

   Let's take a break

2. (countable or uncountable) recess, break, breaktime (between classes in school)

   Hur lång är rasten?

   How long is recess?

• rasta
• rastgård
• skolrast

• lov (longer break, like summer break)

• rast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• rast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• rast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• arts, astr., tars, tsar

Cognate with Persian راست (rāst).

rast

1. right (dexter)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish راست (rast), from Classical Persian راست (rāst).

• IPA^(key): /ˈɾɑst/
• Rhymes: -ɑst

rast (dated)

1. true, correct, right

   Synonyms: doğru, düzgün

rast (definite accusative rastı, plural rastlar)

1. (dated) coincidence

   Synonyms: rastlantı, tesadüf

2. (dated) the act of hitting a target
3. (music) rast (a kind of maqam)

• “rast”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rast”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3940a
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “rast”, in Nişanyan Sözlük