raupjš
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Latvian
Etymology
From an earlier adjective *raupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard raupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the archaic noun raups), from the o-grade form *roup- of Proto-Indo-European *reup-, *rūp-, *rup- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (from the *rup- form comes the adjective rupjš, q.v.), from the stem *reu- (“to peel, to pluck, to dig”). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing wool, feathers) > “harsh, rugged.”.[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
raupjš (definite raupjais, comparative raupjāks, superlative visraupjākais, adverb raupji)
- rough, harsh, uneven, rugged (having an irregular, not smooth, harsh surface)
- raupjas rokas ― harsh, rough, hardened hands
- raupja miza ― rough, harsh bark
- (of fabric, cloth) rough (not soft)
- raupja sega ― rough blanket
- šis raupjais kokvilnas palags ― these rough cotton sheets
- (of hair, fur, plants) hard, coarse, not soft
- raupji mati ― hard, coarse hair
- (of people, their behavior, appearance) simple, not subtle, not refined, not sophisticated
- mūsu tautas zemnieciski raupjajās un naivajās pasakās visur ir daiļi cilvēki ― in our people's rustic, rough and naive tales, there are beautiful people everywhere
- (of people, their behavior, appearances) harsh, rugged, impolite (without empathy or affection; expressing lack of empathy or affection)
- stringrs un raupjš gan arī esot priekšsēdētājs ― the chairman was apparently also strict and harsh
- raupji vaibsti ― harsh (facial) features
- (of words, speech) rough, offensive, indecent
- karstu dusmu šļākumam raupji vārdi seko ― (after) the gushing of hot anger, rough, offensive words followed
- (rare, of raindrops, hail) big, large
- tik negants vējš, un nakts, un tumsa, un raupjām lāsēm lietus līst ― such furious wind, and night, and darkness, and the rain is falling in big (rain)drops
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of raupjš
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | raupjš | raupji | raupja | raupjas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | raupju | raupjus | raupju | raupjas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | raupja | raupju | raupjas | raupju | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | raupjam | raupjiem | raupjai | raupjām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | raupju | raupjiem | raupju | raupjām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | raupjā | raupjos | raupjā | raupjās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “raupjš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN