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From relative(“connected to or depending on something else”) + -ity(suffix forming nouns from adjectives where the nouns refer to the properties, qualities, or states described by the adjectives). Sense 2.1 (“reliance of the nature of physical phenomena on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed”) is a translation of GermanRelativität(“relativity”) used in the works of the German-American theoretical physicistAlbert Einstein (1879–1955).
reliance of the nature of physical phenomena on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed, as developed by Albert Einstein in two theories
evaluation of the similarities and differences between things — see comparison
difference in position or status between things — see disparity
difference in pay or positions between different employees in a business, or between different businesses — see also differential
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^ For example, A[lbert] Einstein (1905 June 30) “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper [On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies]”, in Paul Drude, editor, Annalen der Physik [Annals of Physics], volume 17 (4th Series; volume 322 overall), number 10, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 891–921; A[lbert] Einstein (1916 March 20) “Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie [The Foundation of the Generalized Theory of Relativity]”, in W[ilhelm] Wein and M[ax] Planck, editors, Annalen der Physik, volume 49 (4th Series; volume 354 overall), number 7, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 769–822.