ri

English

Etymology

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from Mandarin Chinese 里 (lǐ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹiː/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː

Noun

ri (plural ris or li)

1. (Units of measure) Synonym of li as a Korean unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
2. (music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the sharp of the second note of a major scale, enharmonic to me.

Anagrams

• IR, Ir., ir-

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *(h)eríja- 'of this time, from this time, presently, of now > new, recent', a derivative of Alb. herë '(one) time, hour' etc., which is an old loan-word from Latin hōra 'time, hour' etc.; the Albanian substantive is historically not compatible with a reconstruction Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥wo-, zero-grade of *h₁orwo- (compare Old English earu (“quick”), Tocharian B ārwer (“ready”), Avestan aruuant- (“quick, brave”)), as it has been proposed in the literature. According to R. Matasovic (A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar 2018), the etymology of the adjective is controversial and has no accepted source or from substrate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Adjective

i ri (feminine e re, masculine plural të rinj, feminine plural të reja)

1. young

   një vajzë e re

   a young girl

2. new

   filma të rinj

   new movies

References

Neri, Sergio, Article ri (i), re (e) in: Bardhyl Demiraj, Olav Hackstein, Sergio Neri und Ania Omari. DPEWA, Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen“ (15.-18. Jh.), München 2018-2021 (https://www.dpwa.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/dictionary/?lemmaid=14385)

Anguthimri

Noun

ri

1. (Mpakwithi) excrement

References

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• rau

Etymology

From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

Adjective

ri (feminine raja)

1. bad

Danish

Etymology

From Middle Low German rigen (“to put in folds”), from or related to Old Saxon rekkian (“to extend”). Distantly related to Old Norse rekja (“to unfold, unwind”), hence a doublet of række (“to reach”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /riː/,

Verb

ri (imperative ri, present rir or rier, past riede, past participle riet)

1. baste, tack (to sew with wide stitches to temporarily fasten pieces of cloth)

Derived terms

• rining

Esperanto

English Wikipedia has an article on:

ri (pronoun)

Wikipedia

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ri

Pronoun

ri (accusative rin, possessive ria)

1. (gender-neutral, nonstandard) they (singular). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.
   • 1997, Liland Brajant ROS', “Pri Sennaciistaj postulatoj”, in soc.culture.esperanto‎ (Usenet):

     Kial gravas, kiu ri estas?

     Why is it important, who they are?

   • 2006, “Maldormemo mia”, in Eksenlime, performed by La Perdita Generacio:

     Najbaro laboranta en la sama laborejo / En la bela domo ri ne pentras plu

     A neighbor working in the same workplace / In the beautiful house they don't paint anymore

   • 2014, Roland Bonkorpa, “Fiinsulo”, in Beletra Almanako, number 21, New York, N.Y.: Mondial, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:

     Ri estis la plej pacienca kaj inteligenta hundo, kiun mi iam renkontis.

     They were the most patient and intelligent dog I had ever met.

Usage notes

In 1976, the gender-neutral pronoun ri was presented for the first time alongside the pronouns li (he) and ŝi (she). Until about 2010, it remained a seldom used experimental word, but after 2010 its use has increased significantly, especially in youth circles in Western countries. Comparable to English epicene pronouns. Also read about gender reform in Esperanto. Alternatives include expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun tiu (“that one”) or using the similarly proscribed ŝli.

Synonyms

• (neologism, proscribed) ŝli

Holonyms

• li (“he”)
• ŝi (“she”)

Derived terms

• riismo (“ri-ism”)

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁi/

• Audio (Paris)

  (file)

Participle

ri (feminine rie, masculine plural ris, feminine plural ries)

1. past participle of rire

Galician

Verb

ri

1. inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person singular preterite indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese rir. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ri.

Verb

ri

1. to laugh

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rìː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key):

Ideophone

r̃ī̀

1. people or animals moving as a group

Igbo

Pronunciation

• (inherent tone): IPA^(key): /rí/

Verb

ri

1. to eat, to absorb.

   Ha na-eri nri.

   They are eating food.

   • 2019, Bịabụlụ Nsọ nʼIgbo Ndị Ugbu a, Biblica Inc., Luke 24:43:

     O we nara ya, rie n'iru ha.

     He then took it and ate it in front of them.

2. to acquire.

Italian

Adjective

ri m

1. masculine plural of rio

Anagrams

• ir-

Japanese

Romanization

ri

1. Rōmaji transcription of り
2. Rōmaji transcription of リ

Javanese

Romanization

ri

1. Romanization of ꦫꦶ

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese rir.

Verb

ri

1. to laugh

Lashi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹi/

Particle

ri

1. Turns the preceding word into an accusative.

References

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Makasar

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Preposition

ri (Lontara spelling ᨑᨗ)

1. general preposition (in, at, to etc.)

Mandarin

Romanization

ri

1. Nonstandard spelling of rī.
2. Nonstandard spelling of rì.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Nabi

Noun

ri

1. woman

References

• transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /riː/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hríð.

Noun

ri (definite singular, indefinite plural, definite plural)

1. attack, sudden pain or mood
2. a short while

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ríða.

Alternative forms

• ride

Verb

ri (imperative ri, present tense rir, simple past red or rei, past participle ridd, present participle riende)

1. to ride (an animal, e.g. a horse)

References

• “ri” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /riː/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hríð.

Alternative forms

• rid (non-standard since 1938)

Noun

ri f (definite singular ria, indefinite plural rier, definite plural riene)

1. attack, sudden pain or mood
2. a short while
3. period with harsh weather

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ríða, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną.

Alternative forms

• rida, ride

Verb

ri (present tense rir, past tense rei, past participle ridd or ridt or ride, present participle ridande, imperative ri)

1. to ride (an animal)

Related terms

• reia, reie

References

• “ri” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ir

Old Javanese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ri/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi

Noun

ri

1. thorn
2. thorny plant

Alternative forms

• rwi
• hri, ĕri

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Compare Makasar ri (ᨑᨗ).

Particle

ri

1. prepositional particle

Alternative forms

• i

Derived terms

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -i

Verb

ri

1. inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person singular preterite indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish fri (“towards, against”), from Old Irish fri. Cognates include Irish fré and Manx rish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾʲi/
• (Lewis) IPA^(key):

Preposition

ri (+ dative, no mutation, before the definite article ris)

1. to, against, with

   ris a' ghaoith ― against the wind

2. up

   chaidh iad ris an leathad ― they went up the hillside

3. as (with cho)

   Tha Seòras cho righinn ri ròn. ― George is as tough as nails.

   (literally "George is as tough as a seal.")

4. Used with a noun or verbal noun to express up to or involved in

   Bha a' chlann sin ri mì-mhodh. ― Those children were up to no good.

   Bha i an urra ris an losgadh anns a' Chròthais beagan bhliadhnachan an dèidh cogadh Iugoslabhach. ― She was responsible for the shooting in Croatia a few years after the Yugoslav War.

Usage notes

• In the Lewis dialect, ri is used instead of ag or a' before a verbal noun to form present participles:

  tha mi ri seinn ― I am singing (As opposed to tha mi a' seinn, which has the same meaning.)

• Followed by a prepositional pronoun takes a passive voice meaning:

  Tha na h-eòin tarraingeach rin amharc. ― The birds are attractive to watch. (literally, “The birds are attractive to their watching.”)

Inflection

Derived terms

Sumerian

Romanization

ri

1. Romanization of 𒊑 (ri)

Tunica

Noun

ri

1. house, home, dwelling
2. building
3. nest, room

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
• (Huế) IPA^(key):
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

ri • (𱓜)

1. (now chiefly in compounds, of stature) small; miniature

See also

Etymology 2

Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, rứa, ru, sao.

Adverb

ri • (夷, 𱓜)

1. (Central Vietnam) like this

See also

Welsh

Noun

ri

1. Soft mutation of rhi.

Mutation

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾí/

Noun

rí

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Proposed to derive from Proto-Yoruboid *lí, cognate with Igala lí

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾí/

Verb

rí

1. (transitive) to see
2. (intransitive) to look like

Derived terms

• ríran

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (low-tone): IPA^(key): /ɾì/
• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ɾī/

Verb

rì

1. (intransitive) to sink, to drown
2. (transitive) to sink

Verb

ri

1. Alternative form of rì (“to sink”) used before object nouns

Zazaki

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ri

Noun

ri

1. face