Inherited from Middle French rincer (“to rinse”), from Old French rincer, raïncier (“to rinse, cleanse”). Of contested origin. Either from Old Norse hreinsa (“to rinse, clean out”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainisōną (“to clean, purify”), or from a dissimilation of Old French recincer, from Latin recentāre (“to make fresh”), from recens. Cognate with English rinse, which see.
rincer
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
| infinitive | simple | rincer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | rinçant /ʁɛ̃.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rincé /ʁɛ̃.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rinces /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rinçons /ʁɛ̃.sɔ̃/ |
rincez /ʁɛ̃.se/ |
rincent /ʁɛ̃s/ |
| imperfect | rinçais /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ |
rinçais /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ |
rinçait /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ |
rincions /ʁɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
rinciez /ʁɛ̃.sje/ |
rinçaient /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | rinçai /ʁɛ̃.se/ |
rinças /ʁɛ̃.sa/ |
rinça /ʁɛ̃.sa/ |
rinçâmes /ʁɛ̃.sam/ |
rinçâtes /ʁɛ̃.sat/ |
rincèrent /ʁɛ̃.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | rincerai /ʁɛ̃.sʁe/ |
rinceras /ʁɛ̃.sʁa/ |
rincera /ʁɛ̃.sʁa/ |
rincerons /ʁɛ̃.sʁɔ̃/ |
rincerez /ʁɛ̃.sʁe/ |
rinceront /ʁɛ̃.sʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | rincerais /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
rincerais /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
rincerait /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
rincerions /ʁɛ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rinceriez /ʁɛ̃.sə.ʁje/ |
rinceraient /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rinces /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rincions /ʁɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
rinciez /ʁɛ̃.sje/ |
rincent /ʁɛ̃s/ |
| imperfect2 | rinçasse /ʁɛ̃.sas/ |
rinçasses /ʁɛ̃.sas/ |
rinçât /ʁɛ̃.sa/ |
rinçassions /ʁɛ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
rinçassiez /ʁɛ̃.sa.sje/ |
rinçassent /ʁɛ̃.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
— | rinçons /ʁɛ̃.sɔ̃/ |
rincez /ʁɛ̃.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Old French, see above.
rincer
| infinitive | simple | rincer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | rinçant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rincé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince | rinces | rince | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçois, rinçoys | rinçois, rinçoys | rinçoit, rinçoyt | rincions, rinçons | rinciez, rincyez | rinçoient, rinçoyent | |
| past historic | rinça | rinças | rinça | rinçasmes | rinçastes | rincerent | |
| future | rincerai, rinceray | rinceras | rincera | rincerons | rincerez | rinceront | |
| conditional | rincerois, rinceroys | rincerois, rinceroys | rinceroit, rinceroyt | rincerions, rinceryons | rinceriez, rinceryez | rinceroient, rinceroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince | rinces | rince | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçasse | rinçasses | rinçast | rinçassions | rinçassiez | rinçassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rince | — | rinçons | rincez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
From Vulgar Latin rainsāre, from Frankish *hrainisōn (“to clean, rinse”).
rincer
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | rincer | avoir rincé | |||||
| gerund | en rinçant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | rinçant | ||||||
| past participle | rincé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | rinz | rinces | rince | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçoie, rinceie, rinçoe, rinceve | rinçoies, rinceies, rinçoes, rinceves | rinçoit, rinceit, rinçot, rinceve | rinciiens, rinciens | rinciiez, rinciez | rinçoient, rinceient, rinçoent, rincevent | |
| preterite | rinçai | rinças | rinça | rinçames | rinçastes | rincerent | |
| future | rincerai | rinceras | rincera | rincerons | rinceroiz, rincereiz, rincerez | rinceront | |
| conditional | rinceroie, rincereie | rinceroies, rincereies | rinceroit, rincereit | rinceriiens, rinceriens | rinceriiez, rinceriez | rinceroient, rincereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | rinz | rinz | rinzt | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçasse | rinçasses | rinçast | rincissons, rincissiens | rincissoiz, rincissez, rincissiez | rinçassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | rince | — | rinçons | rincez | — | ||