rjúka

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See also: rjuka

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse rjúka, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną. Related to reykur.

Pronunciation

Verb

rjúka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative rauk, third-person plural past indicative ruku, supine rokið)

  1. to give off smoke or steam
  2. to rush

Conjugation

rjúka — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að rjúka
supine
(sagnbót) 		rokið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		rjúkandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég rýk við rjúkum present
(nútíð) 		ég rjúki við rjúkum
þú rýkur þið rjúkið þú rjúkir þið rjúkið
hann, hún, það rýkur þeir, þær, þau rjúka hann, hún, það rjúki þeir, þær, þau rjúki
past
(þátíð) 		ég rauk við rukum past
(þátíð) 		ég ryki við rykjum
þú raukst þið rukuð þú rykir þið rykjuð
hann, hún, það rauk þeir, þær, þau ruku hann, hún, það ryki þeir, þær, þau rykju
imperative
(boðháttur) 		rjúk (þú) rjúkið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
rjúktu rjúkiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
rokinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		rokinn rokin rokið roknir roknar rokin
accusative
(þolfall) 		rokinn rokna rokið rokna roknar rokin
dative
(þágufall) 		roknum rokinni roknu roknum roknum roknum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		rokins rokinnar rokins rokinna rokinna rokinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		rokni rokna rokna roknu roknu roknu
accusative
(þolfall) 		rokna roknu rokna roknu roknu roknu
dative
(þágufall) 		rokna roknu rokna roknu roknu roknu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		rokna roknu rokna roknu roknu roknu

References

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *reukaną.

Verb

rjúka (singular past indicative rauk, plural past indicative ruku, past participle rokinn)

  1. to reek, emit smoke or vapor
    1. (impersonal)
      rýkr af einhverjum
      reek rises from someone
  2. to be driven, drifted like smoke
  3. (figuratively) to fly
    sverðit rauk ór hendi hánum
    the sword flew out of his hand

Conjugation

Conjugation of rjúka — active (strong class 2)
infinitive rjúka
present participle rjúkandi
past participle rokinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular rýk rauk
2nd-person singular rýkr raukt
3rd-person singular rýkr rauk
1st-person plural rjúkum rukum
2nd-person plural rjúkið rukuð
3rd-person plural rjúka ruku
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular rjúka ryka
2nd-person singular rjúkir rykir
3rd-person singular rjúki ryki
1st-person plural rjúkim rykim
2nd-person plural rjúkið rykið
3rd-person plural rjúki ryki
imperative present
2nd-person singular rjúk
1st-person plural rjúkum
2nd-person plural rjúkið
Conjugation of rjúka — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive rjúkask
present participle rjúkandisk
past participle rokizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular rjúkumk rukumk
2nd-person singular rýksk raukzk
3rd-person singular rýksk rauksk
1st-person plural rjúkumsk rukumsk
2nd-person plural rjúkizk rukuzk
3rd-person plural rjúkask rukusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular rjúkumk rykumk
2nd-person singular rjúkisk rykisk
3rd-person singular rjúkisk rykisk
1st-person plural rjúkimsk rykimsk
2nd-person plural rjúkizk rykizk
3rd-person plural rjúkisk rykisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular rjúksk
1st-person plural rjúkumsk
2nd-person plural rjúkizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: rjúka
  • Faroese: rúka
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ryka, ryke, rjuka
  • Old Swedish: riūka
  • Danish: ryge
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ryke

References

  • “rjúka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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