rok

English

Noun

rok (plural roks)

1. Alternative form of roc

Anagrams

• KOR, OKR, kor, ork

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔk/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

rok (plural rokke, diminutive rokkie)

1. A dress.

Descendants

• → Sotho: roko
• → Xhosa: ilokhwe

Breton

Etymology

Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.

Adjective

rok

1. arrogant
2. hard

References

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

rok

Wikipedia ^cs

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ok

Noun

rok m inan

1. year, the time it takes a planetary body to complete one revolution around a star
2. (sciences) year, exactly 365.25 days

   Synonym: léto

3. year, a period between set dates that denotes a year

   Synonym: kalendářní rok

   v tomto roce ― this year

4. year, a scheduled part of a year spent in a given activity

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• letos

Further reading

• rok in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• rok in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• rok in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Noun

rok

1. a spinning wheel
2. a distaff

Derived terms

• håndrok, spinderok

Dinka

Noun

rok (plural rook)

1. kidney

References

• Dinka-English Dictionary‎, 2005

Dutch

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:

rok

Wikipedia ^nl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔk/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: rok
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Homophone: rock

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

Noun

rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)

1. skirt (clothing)
2. full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
3. layer on a bulb such as an onion
4. (chiefly historical, otherwise archaic) garment covering the torso

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: rok
  • → Sotho: roko
  • → Xhosa: ilokhwe
• Jersey Dutch: rok
• Negerhollands: rok
• → Indonesian: rok
• → Papiamentu: rok (dated)

Etymology 2

Noun

rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)

1. Alternative form of rokken

Finnish

Etymology

From English roc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrok/,
• Rhymes: -ok
• Syllabification^(key): rok

Noun

rok

1. roc (mythical bird)

Usage notes

• Often used in the form rok-lintu (“roc-bird”).

Declension

Derived terms

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔːk/
• Rhymes: -ɔːk

Noun

rok n (genitive singular roks, nominative plural rok)

1. storm, whole gale

Declension

Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: rok

Noun

rok

1. skirt (clothing)
2. full dress, white tie (formal clothing)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: rok

Noun

rok

1. (music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals.

Further reading

• “rok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔk/
• Syllabification: rok

Noun

rok m inan

1. year (calendar year)
2. year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)

Declension

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “rok”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎ (in Kashubian), page 182
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “rok”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎, volume 2, page 815
• “rok”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latvian

Verb

rok

1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of rakt
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rakt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rakt

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.

Noun

rok

1. soup

Maranao

Noun

rok

1. soul

Related terms

• roh (“spirit”)

References

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Masurian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish rok.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Syllabification: rok

Noun

rok m inan

1. year
   • 1954-1986, Kartoteka Słownika Gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎, volume 4492, number Raba - Rok:

     W ctėrǯeści pśersym roku śie ozyńiu̯a.

     [W ctérdżeszczi psiersÿm roku szie ozyniła.]

     She married at 41 years of age.

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka or rokene)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by rokk

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka)

1. alternative spelling of rokk

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈrok/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈrok/

Noun

rok m inan

1. year

Declension

Descendants

• Czech: rok

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /rɔk/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /rɔk/

Noun

rok m ?

1. year
2. deadline
3. (law) date of a court case; or the court case itself
4. court summons

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Descendants

• Masurian: rok
• Polish: rok
• Silesian: rok

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old English rēc, Old Frisian rēk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr.

Noun

rōk m

1. smoke

Descendants

• Middle Low German: rōk
  • Low German: Röök

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

rok

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish rok.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔk/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈrɔk/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: rok
• Homophones: rock, Rok

Noun

rok m inan (diminutive roczek)

1. year (solar year)
2. (by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)
3. year (calendar year)
4. year (scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity)
5. year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
6. (obsolete, law) court case
7. (obsolete) engagement, betrothal
8. (Middle Polish) indiscriminate length of time
9. (Middle Polish) age of a being

   Synonym: wiek

10. (Middle Polish) agreed upon length of time for work or employment
11. (Middle Polish) time set aside for performing a task

Declension

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 413 times in news, 297 times in essays, 53 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1025 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

Further reading

• rok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• rok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “ROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.10.2016
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 555
• rok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:

rok

Wikipedia ^sh

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

Noun

rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)

1. deadline
2. term, date (period during which something ought to be performed or completed)

Declension

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English rock.

Noun

rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)

1. (uninflected) rock and roll

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish rok.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔk/
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: rok

Noun

rok m inan

1. year (calendar year)

Further reading

• rok in dykcjonorz.eu
• rok in silling.org

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:

rok

Wikipedia ^sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

rok m inan (genitive singular roka, roku, nominative plural roky, genitive plural rokov, declension pattern of dub)

1. year

   Nový rok New Year’s Day

   roku Pána anno Domini

Declension

Derived terms

• rôčik
• ročný
• ročne
• storočie

Further reading

• “rok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology 1

Noun

rok (rôk)

1. genitive plural of roka
2. genitive dual of roka

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

Noun

rok (rók)

1. deadline
2. term, date (period during which something ought to be performed or completed)

Ternate

Etymology

From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

rok

1. a skirt

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Veps

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *rokko. Cognates include Finnish rokko.

Noun

rok

1. pox (disease)

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *rokka.

Noun

rok

1. pea soup, split pea soup

Declension