ros

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Spanish rojo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

Adjective

ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural rossos, feminine plural rosses)

1. blond

Derived terms

• enrossir

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin rōs, used as a neuter. Compare the form rou.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

Noun

ros m (plural rosos)

1. (dialectal, Valencia, archaic) dew

   Synonyms: rosada, rou

Related terms

• rosar

Etymology 3

Named after general Ros Olano.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

Noun

ros m (plural rossos)

1. a particular type of military cap, introduced by General Ros de Olano in the Spanish Army in the XIX century.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

Noun

ros

1. plural of ro (“rho (Greek letter)”)

References

• “ros” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ros”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “ros” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “ros” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹoːz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

Noun

ros f (plural rosow)

1. wheel

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *rros, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos.

Noun

ros f (plural rosyow)

1. heathland

Etymology 3

Noun

ros f (singulative rosen)

1. roses

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Friulian ros.

Adjective

ros

1. red

Danish

Verb

ros

1. imperative of rose

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔs/
• Hyphenation: ros
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ros, from Old Dutch ros, hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of kar.

Alternative forms

• hors (dialectal)

Noun

ros n (plural rossen, diminutive rosje n)

1. horse

   Synonym: paard

2. steed

Derived terms

• roskam
• stalen ros
• strijdros

Descendants

• Afrikaans: ros
• ⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)
  • → West Frisian: rosse (verb)

Etymology 2

Adjective

ros (comparative rosser, superlative meest ros or rost)

1. of an impure red colour; reddish

   de rosse buurt

   the red-light district

2. ginger, red-haired.

Inflection

Derived terms

• rosse (noun)
• rosse buurt
• rosse franjepoot
• rosse grutto
• rosse kolibrie
• rosse stekelstaart
• rossig

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin russus.

Adjective

ros

1. red

Derived terms

• inrossâ
• rossit

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾˠɔsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois)

1. linseed, flaxseed

   Synonym: ros lín

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rosa, nominative plural rosa)

1. wood, wooded headland

   Synonym: coill

2. (geography) headland, promontory

   Synonyms: rinn, scoth, léim

Declension

Derived terms

• Ros Comáin
• na Rosa
• rosach
• rosán

Mutation

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ros”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “ros” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “ros” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁roseh₂ (“dew”), itself possibly a derivative of *h₁ers- (“to flow”). Cognate with Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Ancient Greek ἐξεράω (exeráō, “pour out”), Lithuanian rasà (“dew”), Serbo-Croatian rosa／роса (“dew”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /roːs/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ros/,

Noun

rōs m (genitive rōris); third declension

1. dew
2. moisture
3. rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)
   • 690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6

     Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que

     Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to furzes and rosemary.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Derived terms

• rōrātiō
• rōrifer
• rōrō
• rōrulentus
• rōscidus

Descendants

References

• “ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ros in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rōs”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 10: R, page 473

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔs/

Verb

ros

1. second-person singular imperative of rosć

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French roche.

Noun

ros

1. rock, stone

References

• Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

ros

1. plural of ro (“roe deer”)

Etymology 2

Verb

ros

1. Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

Mokilese

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *rodrom (“dark, cloudy”), from Proto-Austronesian *demdem (“gloom, darkness”)

Noun

ros

1. darkness

Derived terms

• karosi

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977

External links

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *demdem

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ros

1. passive form of ro

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From the verb rosa (“to praise”), from Old Norse hrósa. Prior to the spelling reform of 1959, this noun was considered grammatically feminine or neuter. The revision made non-standard the definite singular forms rosa, rosi, and roset.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

Noun

ros m (definite singular rosen, uncountable)

2. praise
   • 1875, Elias Blix, “Med Jesus”, in Nokre Salmar [Some hymns], 3rd edition, page 25:

     Det er mi høgste Æra, // det er mi største Ros // hans Fylgjesvein at vera // og vandra i hans Ljos.

     It is my highest honour, // it is my highest praise: // to be a His disciple // and wander in His light.

   • 1992, Arne Ruset, Den svarte kista, pages 85–86:

     Sophies Minde vart flau av all rosen, og gav noko nebbete uttrykk for at no heldt det lenge.

     Sophies Minde got embarrassed by all the praise, and expressed somewhat snarkily that this would be enough for a good while.

Verb

ros

1. imperative of rosa

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rǫs, plural of ras n, whence also the more common doublet of ras.

Alternative forms

• ròs (alternative spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːs/

Noun

ros f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

2. an avalanche, a landslide, a slip

   Synonym: skred

3. cavity left in place of the masses displaced by such an avalanche, landslide or other
5. a scratch in the skin

Etymology 3

After German Rose, from Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa. Doublet of rose.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

Noun

ros f (definite singular rosa, uncountable)

2. (pathology) erysipelas

   Synonym: (more common) rosen

References

• “ros” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

ros m (feminine singular rossa, masculine plural rosses, feminine plural rossas)

1. russet

References

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 584.

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r͈os/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). The same construction as Sanskrit प्रस्थ (prastha, “plateau”), but probably coined separately in the two languages.

Noun

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

1. A promontory.
2. A wood.
   • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079

     ross .i. trēde fordingair .i. ros fidbuide, […]

     wood, that is, a triad of meanings, that is, a wood of yellow trees,

Inflection

Descendants

• Irish: ros (“wood”)
• Scottish Gaelic: ros (“promontory”)

Etymology 2

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so-, which is most likely a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. See also Latin porrum (“leek”), English furze, and possibly Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).

Noun

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

1. A linseed.
   • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079

     ros līn

     linseed

2. A flax - or other small seed.

Inflection

Descendants

• Irish: ros (“linseed”)
• Scottish Gaelic: ros (“linseed”)

Mutation

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

References

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rōsus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ros/
• Rhymes: -os

Verb

ros (past participle of roade)

1. past participle of roade

Adjective

ros m or n (feminine singular roasă, masculine plural roși, feminine and neuter plural roase)

1. gnawed, eaten away at
2. eroded, consumed
3. (of clothes) careworn, threadbare, shabby, seedy, frayed

Declension

Related terms

• rosătură
• rosură

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

1. linseed, flax seed

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

1. promontory, peninsula, isthmus

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “ros”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page 295
• Edward Dwelly (1911) “ros”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Seychellois Creole

Etymology

From French roche.

Noun

ros

1. rock, stone

References

• Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈros/
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: ros

Etymology 1

Named after Antonio Ros de Olano (1808–1886), a Spanish general who introduced the hat into the Spanish army

Noun

ros m (plural roses)

1. a type of military hat, similar to a shako

Etymology 2

Noun

ros m pl

1. plural of ro

Further reading

• “ros”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch rossen.

Verb

ros

1. to beat up, to give a beating

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

• audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ros‚ from Middle Low German rose, from Latin rosa.

Noun

ros c

1. a rose; a flower, a shrub, also as heraldic charge
   • 1963, Arne Qvick (lyrics and music), “Rosen [The rose]”:

     Ty just nu idag, så köpte jag, en liten ros i en blomsteraffär. En ros röd som blod, så att du förstod, att det är dig som jag håller kär.

     For just now today, I bought, a small rose in a flower shop. A rose red as blood, so that you understood, that it is you that I hold dear.

2. praise, acclaim

   Antonym: ris

   Spelet har fått mycket ros av kritikerna

   The game has received much critical acclaim

   ris och ros

   praise and criticism (idiomatic – also the name of a readers' section in some newspapers (for commending or criticizing))

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• rosa
• rosig

Descendants

• → Estonian: roos
• → Finnish: ruusu

Etymology 2

Noun

ros

1. indefinite genitive singular of ro

Etymology 3

Verb

ros

1. passive infinitive of ro
2. present passive of ro

References

• ros in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ros in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ros in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

Anagrams

• ors, sor

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From German Rost.

Noun

ros

1. rust

Zoogocho Zapotec

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish arroz, from Andalusian Arabic الرَّوْز (ar-rawz), from Arabic أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz, “rice”), from Ancient Greek ὄρυζᾰ (óruza).

Noun

ros

1. rice

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa.

Noun

ros

1. rose

Derived terms

• color de ros
• yej ros

References

• Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 270