rose

English

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rose

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Rose

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Rose

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Etymology 1

From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, from Latin rosa, of uncertain origin but possibly via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *wṛda- (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var^əδa-), Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian (gwl /⁠gul⁠/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɹəʊz/,
• (US) IPA^(key): /ɹoʊz/,

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊz
• Homophones: rows, roes, rhos

Noun

rose (countable and uncountable, plural roses)

1. A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.
2. A flower of the rose plant.
   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     Iu. 'Tis but thy name that is my Enemy:
     Thou art thy ſelfe...
     What's in a name? That which we call a Roſe,
     By any other word would ſmell as ſweete...

   • 1794, Robert Burns, "A Red, Red Rose:"

     O my Luve's like a red, red rose
     That's newly sprung in june...

   • 1913, Gertrude Stein, Sacred Emily:

     Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.

3. A plant or species in the rose family. (Rosaceae)
4. Something resembling a rose flower.
5. (heraldry) The rose flower, usually depicted with five petals, five barbs, and a circular seed.
6. (countable, uncountable) A purplish-red or pink colour, the colour of some rose flowers.

   Web rose:  

   rose-pink:  

7. A round nozzle for a sprinkling can or hose.
8. The usually circular base of a light socket in the ceiling, from which the fitting or chandelier is suspended.
9. Any of various large, red-bodied, papilionid butterflies of the genus Pachliopta.
10. (mathematics) Any of various flower-like polar graphs of sinusoids or their squares.
11. (mathematics, graph theory) A graph with only one vertex.

Descendants

• → Marshallese: rooj
• → Tokelauan: loha

Translations

Verb

rose (third-person singular simple present roses, present participle rosing, simple past and past participle rosed)

1. (poetic, transitive) To make rose-colored; to redden or flush.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty.

2. (poetic, transitive) To perfume, as with roses.
   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, or |part=Prologue, I to VII, or conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, , →OCLC:

     the very nape of her white neck
     Was rosed with indignation

Adjective

rose (not comparable)

1. Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.

Translations

Derived terms

See also

• 🌹
• (reds) red; blood red, brick red, burgundy, cardinal, carmine, carnation, cerise, cherry, cherry red, Chinese red, cinnabar, claret, crimson, damask, fire brick, fire engine red, flame, flamingo, fuchsia, garnet, geranium, gules, hot pink, incarnadine, Indian red, magenta, maroon, misty rose, nacarat, oxblood, pillar-box red, pink, Pompeian red, poppy, raspberry, red violet, rose, rouge, ruby, ruddy, salmon, sanguine, scarlet, shocking pink, stammel, strawberry, Turkey red, Venetian red, vermilion, vinaceous, vinous, violet red, wine ^{(Category: en:Reds)}

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

rose

1. simple past of rise
2. (now colloquial and nonstandard) past participle of rise
   • 1775, The Complete Gazetteer of England and Wales ‎, volume 1, G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, page 154:

     Chidley-Mount, Som. on the other ſide of the Parret, oppoſite to Bridgewater, which is ſuppoſed to have roſe from its ruins.

   • 1805, Cobbett's Political Register, volume 8, page 89:

     Here the genius of agriculture seems to have rose above its dawn.

   • 2006 January 30, Timothy Stagich, Conscious Ascension: The Global Rise of Mankind Out of the Depths of Conflict‎, Global Leadership Resources, →ISBN, page 86:

     And, it has often been in the most oppressed of times that human beings have rose up and discovered their greatest potential.

Related terms

Etymology 3

From French rosé (“pinkish”).

Noun

rose (plural roses)

1. Alternative spelling of rosé

Anagrams

• 'orse, EROS, Eros, ROEs, Roes, eros, ores, orse, roes, sero-, sore, öres

References

• “rose”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Afrikaans

Noun

rose

1. plural of roos

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

Noun

rose f

1. dative/locative singular of rosa

Etymology 2

Verb

rose

1. masculine singular present transgressive of rosit

Danish

Danish Wikipedia has an article on:

rose

Wikipedia ^da

Etymology 1

From late Old Norse rós, rósa, from Middle Low German rōse, from Latin rosa (“rose”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːsə/,

Noun

rose c (singular definite rosen, plural indefinite roser)

1. rose (flower, shrub of the genus Rosa)

Inflection

Descendants

• → Greenlandic: ruusa

Etymology 2

From French rosé.

Alternative forms

• rosé

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rose/,

Noun

rose c (singular definite roseen, plural indefinite roseer)

1. rosé (a pale pink wine)

Inflection

Etymology 3

From Old Norse hrósa, whence dialectal English roose, Old Swedish rōsa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːsə/,

Verb

rose (imperative ros, infinitive at rose, present tense roser, past tense roste, perfect tense har rost)

1. to praise, commend

Conjugation

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French rose, from Old French rose, borrowed from Latin rosa (the expected form if it was inherited would be *reuse).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁoz/
• (Southern France) IPA^(key): /ʁɔz/
• (Paris)

  (file)

• (file)

Noun

rose f (plural roses)

1. rose (flower)
2. rose window
3. (heraldry) rose

Derived terms

Noun

rose m (plural roses)

1. pink

Adjective

rose (plural roses)

1. pink
2. (humorous) pink, left-wing
3. (colloquial) erotic, blue
4. (in phrases) rosy, rose-tinted

Derived terms

• crevette rose
• flamant rose
• téléphone rose
• voir la vie en rose

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: woz
• Louisiana Creole: ròz, roz
• Mauritian Creole: roz
• Seychellois Creole: roz
• → Greek: ροζ (roz)
• → Luxembourgish: Rous
• → Persian: رز (roz)
• → Romanian: roz

See also

Further reading

• “rose”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

Anagrams

• Éros, ores, oser

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Noun

rose f (plural rosis)

1. flower

   Synonym: flôr

Related terms

• rosât

Italian

Etymology 1

Noun

rose pl

1. plural of rosa

Etymology 2

Verb

rose

1. third-person singular past historic of rodere

Etymology 3

Participle

rose f pl

1. feminine plural of roso

Anagrams

• -sore, Reso, orse, reso

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈroː.se/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.se/,

Participle

rōse

1. vocative masculine singular of rōsus

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔsɛ/,

Noun

rose

1. inflection of rosa:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative plural

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English rōse, from Latin rosa. Reinforced and remodelled on Old French rose, from the same Latin source.

Alternative forms

• roose, rosse, roos, ros

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔːz(ə)/, /ˈrɔz(ə)/

Noun

rose (plural roses or rosen)

1. rose (plant belonging to the genus Rosa)
2. rose (flower of the rose plant)
3. (heraldry) The rose as a heraldic emblem.
4. (figurative) A morally upstanding and virtuous individual.
5. reddish-purple; a rosy colour

Related terms

• rosee
• rosen

Descendants

• English: rose (see there for further descendants)
• Scots: rose

See also

References

• “rō̆se, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-30.

Etymology 2

Verb

rose

1. Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French rose, from Latin rosa.

Noun

rose f (plural roses)

1. rose (flower)

Adjective

rose m or f (plural roses)

1. rosy; rose-coloured

Descendants

• French: rose (see there for further descendants)
• → Middle Dutch: rose
  • Dutch: rose

References

• rose on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa.

Noun

rôse f or m

1. ross

   Ich bin vrô von einer rôsen, diu kan sprëchen süeȥiu wort.

   I am glad of a rose which can say sweet words.

Declension

Descendants

• Alemannic German: Roos, Roose
• Bavarian:

  Cimbrian: roas

  Mòcheno: roas

• Central Franconian: Rus
• German: Rose (see there for further descendants)
• Vilamovian: ruuz
• Yiddish: רויז (royz)

References

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “rôse”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke‎, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Norman

Norman Wikipedia has an article on:

liste dé pliantes

Wikipedia ^nrm

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Jersey)

  (file)

Adjective

rose m or f

1. (Jersey) pink (colour)

   Synonym: (Guernsey) couleur dé raose

Alternative forms

• rôse (Cotentin)

Noun

rose f (plural roses)

1. rose (flower)

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

roseslekta

Wikipedia ^no

Etymology

From Latin rosa, via Old Norse rós and rósa.

Noun

rose f or m (definite singular rosa or rosen, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

1. a rose (plant and flower of genus Rosa)

Derived terms

• rosemaling
• stokkrose

References

• “rose” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

roseslekta

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

Etymology

From Latin rosa, via Old Norse rós and rósa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ruːsə/

Noun

rose f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

1. a rose (plant and flower of genus Rosa)

Derived terms

• rosemåling, rosemaling
• stokkrose
• valdresrose

Verb

rose (present tense rosar/roser, past tense rosa/roste, past participle rosa/rost, passive infinitive rosast, present participle rosande, imperative rose/ros)

1. alternative form of rosa

Further reading

• “rose” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroː.se/,

Noun

rōse f (nominative plural rōsan or rōsa)

1. rose

Declension

Derived terms

• rōsen

Descendants

• Middle English: rose, roose, rosse, roos, ros
  • English: rose (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: rose

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “rōse”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rosa.

Noun

rose oblique singular, f (oblique plural roses, nominative singular rose, nominative plural roses)

1. rose (flower)

Descendants

• Middle French: rose
  • French: rose (see there for further descendants)
  • → Middle Dutch: rose
    • Dutch: rose
• Norman: rose
• Picard: rose
• Walloon: rôze

Pali

Alternative forms

Noun

rose

1. inflection of rosa (“anger”):
   1. locative singular
   2. accusative plural

Verb

rose

1. optative active singular of rosati (“to annoy”)

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

rose (Cyrillic spelling росе)

1. inflection of rosa:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural