ru

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ru"

Translingual

Etymology

Most likely from clipping of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij)

Symbol

ru

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Russian.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch ruw, from Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, from Old Dutch *rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. See the Dutch entry for more.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Adjective

ru (attributive ruwe, comparative ruwer, superlative ruuste)

  1. rough
    Synonym: rof

Breton

Adjective

ru

  1. red

Chuukese

Numeral

ru

  1. two

Related terms

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French ru, riu, from Vulgar Latin *rius, from Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) +‎ *-wós).

Pronunciation

Noun

ru m (plural rus)

  1. (archaic) small stream

Related terms

See also

Further reading

Guaraní

Noun

ru

  1. father

Japanese

Romanization

ru

  1. Rōmaji transcription of る
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ル

Kabyle

Verb

ru

  1. to cry, shed tears

Conjugation

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Shortened form of eru, from Proto-Malayic *(h)Aru, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)aru, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)aru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)aʀuhu.

Pronunciation

Noun

ru (Jawi spelling رو)

  1. Alternative form of eru

Synonyms

Mandarin

Romanization

ru

  1. Nonstandard spelling of rú.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of rǔ.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of rù.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Narua

Noun

ru

  1. chicken

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German.

Adjective

ru (masculine and feminine ru, neuter ru or rutt, definite singular and plural ru or rue, comparative ruare, indefinite superlative ruast, definite superlative ruaste)

  1. uneven on the surface
  2. raspy, hoarse

References

Anagrams

Sumerian

Romanization

ru

  1. Romanization of 𒊒 (ru)

Talysh

Etymology

Cognate with Persian رود (rud).

Noun

ru

  1. river

Tarifit

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

ru (Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ)

  1. (intransitive) to cry, to weep
  2. (intransitive) to complain
  3. (intransitive, figuratively) to secrete a liquid

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

  • Causative: sru (“to make cry”)
  • amentru (“beggar”)

Tarok

Etymology

Cognate to Mapeo dɔ́ɔ́ ("fall, fall downwards"), Owere dò ("fall (as rain)").

Verb

ru

  1. to fall (downwards)

References

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

ru • (油)

  1. to sing (a baby) to sleep
    hát ru ― to sing a lullaby
    • (Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho (lyrics and music), “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”:
      Ru con, mẹ ru con,
      Tiếng ru cả cuộc đời.
      Ru con lời ru,
      Cất lên từ ngàn đời.
      Lull you, I lull you,
      With the song of a lifetime.
      Lull you, with a lullaby,
      Resonating with eternity.

Etymology 2

Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.

Particle

ru • (𠱋)

  1. (literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions
    Synonyms: sao, đâu, ư
See also
Vietnamese demonstratives
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar
Unspecified Close to the
speaker or
newly introduced		 Remote,
already identified
PLACE
đ- (first register) 		đâu
‘wherever’ 		đây
‘here’ 		đấy
‘there’
REFERENCE
n- (second register) 		nào
‘whichever’ 		này
‘this’ 		nọ
‘that’
PROPORTION
b- (first register) 		bao
‘to whatever extent’ 		bây
‘to this extent’ 		bấy
‘to that extent’
MANNER
s- (first register)
v- (second register) 		sao
‘however’ 		vầy
‘this way’ 		vậy
‘that way’
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited”
D•
(Indefinite)		 D1
(Proximal)		 D2
(Medial)		 D3
(Distal)
+NOM(inal) đâu
place-what 		đây
place-this 		đấy
place-that1
±NOM(inal) đó
(place-)that1 		kia
(place-)that2
–NOM(inal) nào
what 		nầy
this 		nấy/ấy
that1 		nọ
that2
Vietnamese demonstratives (alternative version)
Proximal
(*-iː) 		Distal 1
(*-iːʔ) 		Distal 2
(*-əːʔ) 		Distal 3/
Remote
(*-ɔːʔ) 		Interrogative
(rime was a rounded
back vowel)
Place, attributive1
n- 		ni
nì
này 		nấy nớ nọ nào
Place, nominal2
đ- 		đây đí
đấy 		— đó đâu
Manner
r- 		ri
rày 		— rứa — ru
sao3
Extent 14
b- 		bây bấy — — bao
Extent 25
v- 		vầy vậy — — —
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language).
2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”).
3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant).
4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”).
5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).

West Makian

Pronunciation

Noun

ru

  1. neck

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

White Hmong

Etymology

From English roof ("roof").

Pronunciation

Noun

ru

  1. roof

References

  • Ernest E. Heimbach, White Hmong - English Dictionary (1979, SEAP Publications)
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