From Proto-Italic *ruðros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Cognates include Old Armenian արուրդ/երուրդ (arurd/erurd) or արոյդ/երոյդ (aroyd/eroyd), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old East Slavic ръдръ (rŭdrŭ) (< Proto-Slavic *rъdrъ). Compare dialectal form rūfus (“reddish, ruddy”).
ruber (feminine rubra, neuter rubrum, comparative rubrior, superlative ruberrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | ruber | rubra | rubrum | rubrī | rubrae | rubra | |
genitive | rubrī | rubrae | rubrī | rubrōrum | rubrārum | rubrōrum | |
dative | rubrō | rubrae | rubrō | rubrīs | |||
accusative | rubrum | rubram | rubrum | rubrōs | rubrās | rubra | |
ablative | rubrō | rubrā | rubrō | rubrīs | |||
vocative | ruber | rubra | rubrum | rubrī | rubrae | rubra |
albus, candidus, subalbus, niveus, cēreus, marmoreus, eburneus, cānus, blancus (ML.) | glaucus, rāvus, pullus, cinereus, cinerāceus, plumbeus, grīseus (ML. or NL.) | niger, āter, piceus, furvus |
ruber, rūbidus, rūfus, rubicundus, russus, rubrīcus, pūniceus, murrinus, mulleus; cocceus, coccīnus, badius | rutilus, armeniacus, aurantius, aurantiacus; fuscus, suffuscus, colōrius, cervīnus, spādīx, castaneus, aquilus, fulvus, brunneus (ML.) | flāvus, sufflāvus, flāvidus, fulvus, lūteus, gilvus, helvus, croceus, pallidus, blondinus (ML.) |
galbus, galbinus, lūridus | viridis | prasinus |
cȳaneus | caeruleus, azurīnus (ML.), caesius, blāvus (LL.) | glaucus; līvidus; venetus |
violāceus, ianthinus, balaustīnus (NL.) | ostrīnus, amethystīnus | purpureus, ātropurpureus, roseus, rosāceus |