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From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-(“red”), the same root as ruber(“red”). Per Nussbaum, the Classical Latin form rūbrīca is the nominalized feminine form of a first/second declension adjective whose older form can be reconstructed as *rou̯brīk(u̯)o-, from *h₁re/owdʰri-h₃kʷ-o-, formed as a compound of an i-stem noun *h₁re/owdʰri- and the zero grade of the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ekʷ-(“eye; to see”).[1]
The long vowel in the first syllable is attested in Plautus Truculentus 294 (a poet who does not regularly allow word-medial br to make position after a short vowel) as well as in other occurrences in verse.[2]
^ ibid., citing Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “rubeō, -ēs”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 578
“rubrica”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“rubrica”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
rubrica in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
rubrica in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“rubrica”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers