ruga

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rūga (“a crease in the face, wrinkle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹuː.ɡə/

  • Audio (US)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -uːɡə

Noun

ruga (plural rugae)

1. (anatomy, zootomy, botany, usually in the plural) A fold, crease or wrinkle.
   • 1980, Joseph Kenneth Jonathan, The Isotima-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), page 83:

     Female: Face subpolished, weakly rugose, rugae somewhat diverging, at sides sparsely and shallowly punctate; […]

   • 1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon:

     the deadly water-snakes coil’d together like the Rugæ of a single great Brain, the gray and even illumination from the Sky

Derived terms

• rugate (adjective)

Translations

References

• “ruga”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “ruga”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

• Guar., Gura, Urga, gaur, guar, ragu, ragù

Afar

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /ˈruɡa/,
• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

Noun

rúga m (plural rugaagí f)

1. male calf

Declension

Derived terms

• (diminutive) rugáytu

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /ruˈɡa/,
• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

Noun

rugá f (plural rugaagí f)

1. female calf

Declension

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 183
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
• IPA^(key): (Valencian)

Noun

ruga f (plural rugues)

1. Alternative form of arruga (“wrinkle”)

Italian

Etymology

From Latin ruga, from Proto-Indo-European *krewp- (“to become encrusted”), extension of *krew- (“scab”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Hyphenation: rù‧ga

Noun

ruga f (plural rughe)

1. wrinkle, line

Derived terms

• rugoso

Anagrams

• ragù, urga

Kikuyu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾuɣa/

Verb

ruga (infinitive kũruga)

1. to cook

Derived terms

(Nouns)

• mũrugi class 1

(Verbs)

• kũrugĩra

(Proverbs)

• mũndũ ũtathiaga oigaga no nyina ũrugaga wega

References

• Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *rougā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”), related to *h₁rewg- (“to roar, belch”), where the sense development would be "to belch" → "to undulate" → "to be rugged" → "crease, wrinkle". Compare ructo (“I belch, bring up noisily”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈruː.ɡa/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈru.ɡa/,

Noun

rūga f (genitive rūgae); first declension

1. (usually in the plural) a crease in the face, wrinkle
2. (transferred sense) a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind
   1. a female screw (nut (that fits on a bolt)) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
3. (Early Medieval Latin) a street

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Inflection

First-declension noun.

Derived terms

• corrūgis
• rūgō (verb)
• rūgōsus (adjective)

Descendants

References

• “ruga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ruga”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ruga in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “ruga”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Syllabification: ru‧ga

Etymology 1

Deverbal from rugać.

Noun

ruga f

1. (colloquial) scolding, slating (criticism)

   Synonym: reprymenda

Declension

Related terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ruga

1. third-person singular present of rugać

Further reading

• ruga in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Latin ruga. Doublet of rua (“street”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

Noun

ruga f (plural rugas)

1. wrinkle
2. crease

Related terms

• rugoso

Etymology 2

Verb

ruga

1. inflection of rugar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rogāre, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-, ablaut of *h₃reǵ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruˈɡa/

• Audio

  (file)

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

Verb

a ruga (third-person singular present roagă, past participle rugat) 1st conj.

1. (transitive) to politely ask

   Rugăm pasagerii să își pună centurile de siguranță.

   We ask the passengers to fasten their seatbelts.

2. (reflexive) to pray
3. (reflexive) to insistently or repeatedly ask

Usage notes

Ruga in the meaning of “ask (for)” expresses the request by a secondary clause and never through a prepositional object.

Conjugation

Derived terms

• rugare

Related terms

• rugăciune
• rugăminte
• rugător

See also

• mă rog
• te rog
• vă rog

References

• ruga in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Sardinian

Alternative forms

• rua, arruga, orruga

Etymology 1

From Latin rūga.

Noun

ruga f (plural rugas)

1. street

Alternative forms

• eruga, berruca, arruga, ferruga, orruca, verruga, ruda, rugaruga

Etymology 2

From Latin eruca.

Noun

ruga f (plural rugas)

1. caterpillar

See also

• mamaruga f, maniposa f, babbaliscu m, cabagasu m, mariavolavola m

Spanish

Verb

ruga

1. inflection of rugar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ruka

Noun

ruga

1. resin

Inflection

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “смола”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika