rugar

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁuˈɡaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁuˈɡa.ɾi/

Homophone: rogar (Portugal)
Hyphenation: ru‧gar

Verb

rugar (first-person singular present rugo, first-person singular preterite ruguei, past participle rugado)

to wrinkle

Conjugation

Conjugation of rugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	rugar
Personal	rugar	rugares	rugar	rugarmos	rugardes	rugarem
Gerund
	rugando
Past participle
Masculine	rugado			rugados
Feminine	rugada			rugadas
Indicative
Present	rugo	rugas	ruga	rugamos	rugais	rugam
Imperfect	rugava	rugavas	rugava	rugávamos	rugáveis	rugavam
Preterite	ruguei	rugaste	rugou	rugamos¹, rugámos²	rugastes	rugaram
Pluperfect	rugara	rugaras	rugara	rugáramos	rugáreis	rugaram
Future	rugarei	rugarás	rugará	rugaremos	rugareis	rugarão
Conditional	rugaria	rugarias	rugaria	rugaríamos	rugaríeis	rugariam
Subjunctive
Present	rugue	rugues	rugue	ruguemos	rugueis	ruguem
Imperfect	rugasse	rugasses	rugasse	rugássemos	rugásseis	rugassem
Future	rugar	rugares	rugar	rugarmos	rugardes	rugarem
Imperative
Affirmative		ruga	rugue	ruguemos	rugai	ruguem
Negative (não)		não rugues	não rugue	não ruguemos	não rugueis	não ruguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

enrugar

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rūgāre.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ruˈɡaɾ/
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: ru‧gar

Verb

rugar (first-person singular present rugo, first-person singular preterite rugué, past participle rugado)

to wrinkle

Conjugation

Conjugation of rugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			rugar
gerund			rugando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		rugado		rugada
		plural		rugados		rugadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	rugo	rugas^{^tú} rugás^{^vos}	ruga	rugamos	rugáis	rugan
	imperfect	rugaba	rugabas	rugaba	rugábamos	rugabais	rugaban
	preterite	rugué	rugaste	rugó	rugamos	rugasteis	rugaron
	future	rugaré	rugarás	rugará	rugaremos	rugaréis	rugarán
	conditional	rugaría	rugarías	rugaría	rugaríamos	rugaríais	rugarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	rugue	rugues^{^tú} rugués^{^vos²}	rugue	ruguemos	ruguéis	ruguen
	imperfect (ra)	rugara	rugaras	rugara	rugáramos	rugarais	rugaran
	imperfect (se)	rugase	rugases	rugase	rugásemos	rugaseis	rugasen
	future¹	rugare	rugares	rugare	rugáremos	rugareis	rugaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		ruga^{^tú} rugá^{^vos}	rugue	ruguemos	rugad	ruguen
	negative		no rugues	no rugue	no ruguemos	no ruguéis	no ruguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Related terms

arruga

Further reading

“rugar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

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