ruhjoa

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Finnish

Etymology

Possibly sound-symbolic.[1] Related to Karelian ruhjuo.

Pronunciation

Verb

ruhjoa

  1. to mangle, mutilate

Conjugation

Inflection of ruhjoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ruhjon en ruhjo 1st sing. olen ruhjonut en ole ruhjonut
2nd sing. ruhjot et ruhjo 2nd sing. olet ruhjonut et ole ruhjonut
3rd sing. ruhjoo ei ruhjo 3rd sing. on ruhjonut ei ole ruhjonut
1st plur. ruhjomme emme ruhjo 1st plur. olemme ruhjoneet emme ole ruhjoneet
2nd plur. ruhjotte ette ruhjo 2nd plur. olette ruhjoneet ette ole ruhjoneet
3rd plur. ruhjovat eivät ruhjo 3rd plur. ovat ruhjoneet eivät ole ruhjoneet
passive ruhjotaan ei ruhjota passive on ruhjottu ei ole ruhjottu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ruhjoin en ruhjonut 1st sing. olin ruhjonut en ollut ruhjonut
2nd sing. ruhjoit et ruhjonut 2nd sing. olit ruhjonut et ollut ruhjonut
3rd sing. ruhjoi ei ruhjonut 3rd sing. oli ruhjonut ei ollut ruhjonut
1st plur. ruhjoimme emme ruhjoneet 1st plur. olimme ruhjoneet emme olleet ruhjoneet
2nd plur. ruhjoitte ette ruhjoneet 2nd plur. olitte ruhjoneet ette olleet ruhjoneet
3rd plur. ruhjoivat eivät ruhjoneet 3rd plur. olivat ruhjoneet eivät olleet ruhjoneet
passive ruhjottiin ei ruhjottu passive oli ruhjottu ei ollut ruhjottu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ruhjoisin en ruhjoisi 1st sing. olisin ruhjonut en olisi ruhjonut
2nd sing. ruhjoisit et ruhjoisi 2nd sing. olisit ruhjonut et olisi ruhjonut
3rd sing. ruhjoisi ei ruhjoisi 3rd sing. olisi ruhjonut ei olisi ruhjonut
1st plur. ruhjoisimme emme ruhjoisi 1st plur. olisimme ruhjoneet emme olisi ruhjoneet
2nd plur. ruhjoisitte ette ruhjoisi 2nd plur. olisitte ruhjoneet ette olisi ruhjoneet
3rd plur. ruhjoisivat eivät ruhjoisi 3rd plur. olisivat ruhjoneet eivät olisi ruhjoneet
passive ruhjottaisiin ei ruhjottaisi passive olisi ruhjottu ei olisi ruhjottu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. ruhjo älä ruhjo 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. ruhjokoon älköön ruhjoko 3rd sing. olkoon ruhjonut älköön olko ruhjonut
1st plur. ruhjokaamme älkäämme ruhjoko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. ruhjokaa älkää ruhjoko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. ruhjokoot älkööt ruhjoko 3rd plur. olkoot ruhjoneet älkööt olko ruhjoneet
passive ruhjottakoon älköön ruhjottako passive olkoon ruhjottu älköön olko ruhjottu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ruhjonen en ruhjone 1st sing. lienen ruhjonut en liene ruhjonut
2nd sing. ruhjonet et ruhjone 2nd sing. lienet ruhjonut et liene ruhjonut
3rd sing. ruhjonee ei ruhjone 3rd sing. lienee ruhjonut ei liene ruhjonut
1st plur. ruhjonemme emme ruhjone 1st plur. lienemme ruhjoneet emme liene ruhjoneet
2nd plur. ruhjonette ette ruhjone 2nd plur. lienette ruhjoneet ette liene ruhjoneet
3rd plur. ruhjonevat eivät ruhjone 3rd plur. lienevät ruhjoneet eivät liene ruhjoneet
passive ruhjottaneen ei ruhjottane passive lienee ruhjottu ei liene ruhjottu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st ruhjoa present ruhjova ruhjottava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ruhjoakseni ruhjoaksemme
2nd ruhjoaksesi ruhjoaksenne
3rd ruhjoakseen
ruhjoaksensa
past ruhjonut ruhjottu
2nd inessive2 ruhjoessa ruhjottaessa agent4 ruhjoma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ruhjoessani ruhjoessamme
2nd ruhjoessasi ruhjoessanne
3rd ruhjoessaan
ruhjoessansa
negative ruhjomaton
instructive ruhjoen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive ruhjomassa —
elative ruhjomasta —
illative ruhjomaan —
adessive ruhjomalla —
abessive ruhjomatta —
instructive ruhjoman ruhjottaman
4th3 verbal noun ruhjominen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ruhjomaisillani ruhjomaisillamme
2nd ruhjomaisillasi ruhjomaisillanne
3rd ruhjomaisillaan
ruhjomaisillansa

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

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