ruma

From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrumɑ/,
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ru‧ma

ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)

1. ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)

   Synonyms: epäesteettinen, pahannäköinen

   Antonym: kaunis

2. ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)

   Synonyms: moraaliton, ikävä, ilkeä, kelju, kurja, paha

   Hän teki meille ruman tempun. ― He played a dirty trick on us.

3. dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)

   ruma sana ― dirty word

• “ruma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• Amur, mura

rūma

1. Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰

From Proto-Oceanic , from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

ruma

1. house (abode)

From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈrumɑ/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈrumɑ/,
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Hyphenation: ru‧ma

ruma

1. ugly
2. bad, poor (of low quality)

• (low-quality): prostoi

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491

• IPA^(key): /ɾuma/

ruma (infinitive kũruma)

1. to curse, to abuse

(Proverbs)

• kĩonje kĩrumaga mũhiũhia

(Nouns)

• kĩrumi class 7

• Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

• rū̆mis

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈruː.ma/, or IPA^(key): /ˈru.ma/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈru.ma/,
• The length of the U is not directly attested. It should be short based on the attested short vowel in the derivative irrumō, but a pronunciation with long ū may have developed due to influence from and conflation with rūmen.^[1]

Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum).

rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension

1. (anatomy) udder, teat, breast

   Synonyms: ūber, sūmen

   • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Logistorici 7.2, (as cited by Nonius):

     Ruminae propter rumam, id est prisco vocabulo mammam

   • c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione 266:

     Romulum quidam a fico Ruminali, ali quod lupae ruma nutritus est, appellatum esse ineptissime dixerunt.

   • Augustine of Hippo, De Civitate Dei 7.11:

     Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diuersas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia uinceret, quod a nemine uinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia.

     • 1963 translation by William M. Green

       The pagans have called Jupiter by the titles Victor, Invictus, Opitulus, Impulsor, Stator, Centumpeda, Supinalis, Tigillus, Almus, Ruminus, and still others which it would be tedious to enumerate. They have applied all these names to one god for various reasons and because of his various powers. But they have not, though there are so many functions, compelled him to become as many different gods. The functions are that he is victor over all, and invincible, and brings help to the needy, and has the power of impelling, of causing to stand, of stabilizing, and of laying flat; because he maintains and sustains the world like a beam; because he nourishes all things, and nourishes all animals by the breast (ruma).

First-declension noun.

• irrumō
• rū̆migō
• Rū̆mī̆na
• Rū̆mī̆nus
• subrū̆mō
• subrū̆mus

From rūmen.

rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension

1. (anatomy) throat, gullet
   • Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros 8.90.9:

     Quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur.

2. (anatomy) rumen

   Synonym: rūmen

3. stomach, abdomen

   Synonyms: venter, pantex

First-declension noun.

• “ruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ruma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

• IPA^(key): /ˈruma/

ruma

1. inflection of rum:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative dual

From Proto-Oceanic , from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

ruma

1. house (abode)

• IPA^(key): /ˈruː.mɑ/

rūma

1. inflection of rūm:
   1. strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
   2. weak nominative masculine singular

rūma

1. genitive plural of rūm

ruma

1. inflection of rumar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

ruma

1. house; home

   naniyam ruma piyalaudr tu pitaun.

   The door of our house is to the east.

• Stacy Fang-Ching Teng (鄧芳青), A Reference Grammar Of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language Of Taiwan, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2008.

ruma

1. to send

From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.

ruma

1. ugly
2. coarse, rough

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “грубый, некрасивый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

From Proto-Finnic *ruma.

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈrumɑ/,
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Hyphenation: ru‧ma

ruma

1. plain, bare
2. rough
3. bad, poor
4. ugly

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ruma”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn