rumen
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English
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɹu.mən/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -uːmən
Noun
rumen (plural rumina or rumens)
- The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.
- Synonyms: paunch, fack, fardingbag
- Hypernyms: compartment, tripe
- Coordinate terms: abomasum, omasum, reticulum
- 2013 [1966], Robert E. Hungate, The Rumen and Its Microbes, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 162:
- In the newborn ruminant the abomasum is about as large as the rumen and remains relatively large as long as only milk is consumed (Brugnone, 1809). As the young ruminant consumes forages, the reticulum, and particularly the rumen, develop rapidly.
Related terms
Translations
first stomach of ruminants
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French
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
rumen m (plural rumens)
- rumen (stomach)
Further reading
- “rumen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.
Friulian
Adjective
rumen
Latin
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *roug(s)mən ~ *rug(s)mən, of somewhat disputed origin. Probably from the root of *rūgō + -men, attested in ērūgō, rūctō (“I belch”) and rugiō (“I roar, rumble, bray”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, *h₁rewǵ- (“to belch”).[1]
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “I spew out, discharge, belch, bellow”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “I vomit, am nauseated”), Proto-Germanic *reukaną (“to smoke, emit vapor”) (modern English reek).
Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *sréwmn̥, from the root *srew- (“to flow”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) See also Rōma and flūmen, which are sometimes hypothesized as from the same source.
A third possibility is a relationship with Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). If not coincidental, it may be equally likely that the Etruscan word was borrowed from Latin.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈruː.men/,
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.men/,
Noun
rūmen n (genitive rūminis); third declension
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rūmen | rūmina |
| genitive | rūminis | rūminum |
| dative | rūminī | rūminibus |
| accusative | rūmen | rūmina |
| ablative | rūmine | rūminibus |
| vocative | rūmen | rūmina |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-rūgō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 529
- “rumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- rumen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- rumen in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
Noun
rumen m (definite singular rumenen, indefinite plural rumenar, definite plural rumenane)
Romanian
Etymology 1
Noun
rumen n (plural rumene)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | rumen | rumenul | rumene | rumenele | |
| genitive-dative | rumen | rumenului | rumene | rumenelor | |
| vocative | rumenule | rumenelor | |||
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic роумѣнъ (ruměnŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ (“ruddy”). Compare Bulgarian румен (rumen), Serbo-Croatian rumen.
Adjective
rumen m or n (feminine singular rumenă, masculine plural rumeni, feminine and neuter plural rumene)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| nominative- accusative |
indefinite | rumen | rumenă | rumeni | rumene | |||
| definite | rumenul | rumena | rumenii | rumenele | ||||
| genitive- dative |
indefinite | rumen | rumene | rumeni | rumene | |||
| definite | rumenului | rumenei | rumenilor | rumenelor | ||||
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ.
Pronunciation
Adjective
rùmen (Cyrillic spelling ру̀мен, definite rùmenī, comparative rumeniji)
Declension
positive indefinite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rumen | rumena | rumeno | |
| genitive | rumena | rumene | rumena | |
| dative | rumenu | rumenoj | rumenu | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
rumen rumena |
rumenu | rumeno |
| vocative | rumen | rumena | rumeno | |
| locative | rumenu | rumenoj | rumenu | |
| instrumental | rumenim | rumenom | rumenim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
| genitive | rumenih | rumenih | rumenih | |
| dative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
| accusative | rumene | rumene | rumena | |
| vocative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
| locative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
| instrumental | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
positive definite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rumeni | rumena | rumeno | |
| genitive | rumenog(a) | rumene | rumenog(a) | |
| dative | rumenom(u/e) | rumenoj | rumenom(u/e) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
rumeni rumenog(a) |
rumenu | rumeno |
| vocative | rumeni | rumena | rumeno | |
| locative | rumenom(e/u) | rumenoj | rumenom(e/u) | |
| instrumental | rumenim | rumenom | rumenim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
| genitive | rumenih | rumenih | rumenih | |
| dative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
| accusative | rumene | rumene | rumena | |
| vocative | rumeni | rumene | rumena | |
| locative | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
| instrumental | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | rumenim(a) | |
comparative forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rumeniji | rumenija | rumenije | |
| genitive | rumenijeg(a) | rumenije | rumenijeg(a) | |
| dative | rumenijem(u) | rumenijoj | rumenijem(u) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
rumeniji rumenijeg(a) |
rumeniju | rumenije |
| vocative | rumeniji | rumenija | rumenije | |
| locative | rumenijem(u) | rumenijoj | rumenijem(u) | |
| instrumental | rumenijim | rumenijom | rumenijim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | rumeniji | rumenije | rumenija | |
| genitive | rumenijih | rumenijih | rumenijih | |
| dative | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | |
| accusative | rumenije | rumenije | rumenija | |
| vocative | rumeniji | rumenije | rumenija | |
| locative | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | |
| instrumental | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | rumenijim(a) | |
superlative forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | najrumeniji | najrumenija | najrumenije | |
| genitive | najrumenijeg(a) | najrumenije | najrumenijeg(a) | |
| dative | najrumenijem(u) | najrumenijoj | najrumenijem(u) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
najrumeniji najrumenijeg(a) |
najrumeniju | najrumenije |
| vocative | najrumeniji | najrumenija | najrumenije | |
| locative | najrumenijem(u) | najrumenijoj | najrumenijem(u) | |
| instrumental | najrumenijim | najrumenijom | najrumenijim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | najrumeniji | najrumenije | najrumenija | |
| genitive | najrumenijih | najrumenijih | najrumenijih | |
| dative | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | |
| accusative | najrumenije | najrumenije | najrumenija | |
| vocative | najrumeniji | najrumenije | najrumenija | |
| locative | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | |
| instrumental | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | najrumenijim(a) | |
Further reading
- “rumen”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Etymology 2
Nominalized from the previous sense.
Pronunciation
Noun
rȕmēn f (Cyrillic spelling ру̏ме̄н)
Declension
Declension of rumen
Further reading
- “rumen”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
See also
| bijel / бијел, beo / бео | siv / сив, sinji / сињи | crn / црн |
| crven / црвен, rumen / румен | narandžast / наранџаст, narančast / наранчаст; smeđ / смеђ, braon / браон | žut / жут; žut / жут |
| zelen / зелен | zelen / зелен | |
| tirkizan / тиркизан, cijan / цијан; tirkizan / тиркизан | plav / плав | modar / модар |
| ljubičast / љубичаст; modar / модар, indigo / индиго | ljubičast / љубичаст, magenta / магента; ljubičast / љубичаст | ružičast / ружичаст, roza / роза |
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ.
Pronunciation
Adjective
rumȅn (comparative bȍlj rumȅn, superlative nȁjbolj rumȅn)
Inflection
 |
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks. |
| Hard | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nom. sing. | rumèn | rumêna | rumêno |
| singular | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | rumèn ind rumêni def |
rumêna | rumêno |
| genitive | rumênega | rumêne | rumênega |
| dative | rumênemu | rumêni | rumênemu |
| accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
rumêno | rumêno |
| locative | rumênem | rumêni | rumênem |
| instrumental | rumênim | rumêno | rumênim |
| dual | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | rumêna | rumêni | rumêni |
| genitive | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
| dative | rumênima | rumênima | rumênima |
| accusative | rumêna | rumêni | rumêni |
| locative | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
| instrumental | rumênima | rumênima | rumênima |
| plural | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | rumêni | rumêne | rumêna |
| genitive | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
| dative | rumênim | rumênim | rumênim |
| accusative | rumêne | rumêne | rumêna |
| locative | rumênih | rumênih | rumênih |
| instrumental | rumênimi | rumênimi | rumênimi |
Derived terms
See also
| bela | siva | črna |
| rdeča; škrlatna | oranžna; rjava | rumena; krem |
| svetlozelena, limeta | zelena | |
| sinja, cian; turkizna | azurna | modra |
| vijolična; indigo | magenta, fuksija; vijolična, lila | roza, rožnata |
Further reading
- “rumen”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “rumen”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Spanish
Noun
rumen m (plural rúmenes)
- rumen
- 2022 November 10, María Teresa Paramio, “¿Es nueva la producción de alimentos en macrogranjas?”, in El País:
- El amoniaco procede de las heces y la orina de los animales; el CO₂ de su respiración y el metano lo expulsan los rumiantes por la boca, no por las ventosidades, como se dice frecuentemente, debido a la fermentación de los alimentos en su rumen, que es una de las partes del aparato digestivo de los rumiantes.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)