runa

Bikol Central

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾuˈnaʔ/,
• Hyphenation: ru‧na

Noun

runâ (Basahan spelling ᜍᜓᜈ)

1. Alternative spelling of rona

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
• IPA^(key): (Valencian)

Etymology 1

Noun

runa f (plural runes)

1. rune

Related terms

• rúnic

Etymology 2

Contraction of ruïna.

Noun

runa f (plural runes)

1. ruin

   Synonym: ruïna

2. debris, rubble

   Synonym: enderroc

Derived terms

• enrunar
• runam

Further reading

• “runa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “runa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “runa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “runa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

runa

Wikipedia ^cs

Etymology

Borrowed from Swedish runa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

runa f

1. rune

Declension

Further reading

• runa in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• runa in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• runa in Internetová jazyková příručka

Gothic

Romanization

rūna

1. Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse runa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrʏːna/
• Rhymes: -ʏːna

Noun

runa f (genitive singular runu, nominative plural runur)

1. row, sequence

   Synonym: röð

2. string of letters or names, enumeration

   Synonyms: romsa, þula, upptalning

3. rigmarole

   Synonyms: romsa, langloka

4. (mathematics) series, sequence

Declension

Anagrams

• raun

Italian

Etymology

From Latin rūna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.na/
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: rù‧na

Noun

runa f (plural rune)

1. rune

Related terms

• runico

Anagrams

• urna

Latin

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

rūna f (genitive rūnae); first declension

1. dart or javelin
2. rune

Declension

First-declension noun.

References

• “runa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• runa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• runa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).

Pronunciation

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Noun

runa f (4th declension)

1. speech, speaking, talking (articulated production of language)

   runas spēja, iemaņas, traucējumi ― speech ability, skills, disorders

   runas orgāni, aparāts ― speech organs, apparatus

   iekšēja runa ― internal speech, internal monologue

   ātra runa ― fast speech; a quick question

   izteiksmīga runa ― expressive speech

   runas veids ― way, style of speaking

   bērnu runa ― children's talk

2. talk, words (what is said by someone)

   par ko ir runa? — what (are you) talking about?

   par to nevar būt ne runas ― about that there can be no talk, it is out of the question

   ticēt glaimu runām ― to believe flattering words

   runas apklusa ― the talking (= people) became silent

3. speech (a spoken text, often delivered in public)

   runas māksla ― the art of speech, oratory

   oratora runa ― the speaker's talk

   apsveikuma runa ― welcome speech

   teikt runu, uzstāties ar runu ― to deliver a speech

   publiskā runa ― public speech

   galda runa ― table, banquet speech, after-dinner speech

4. (grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)

   tiešā, netiešā runa ― direct, indirect speech

5. (chiefly in the plural) rumor, gossip, idle talk

   tukšas runas ― empty rumors

   kaimiņu runas ― neighbors' talk

   zināt no ļaužu runām ― to know from people's talk, by hearsay

   neklausīties ļaužu runās ― don't listen to people's talk

Declension

Derived terms

References

Mapudungun

Noun

runa (Raguileo spelling)

1. a handful

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruːnɑ/

Noun

rūna f

1. nominative plural of rūn
2. accusative plural of rūn

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old English rūn, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa).

Noun

rūna f

1. mystery, secret
2. rune

Declension

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

runa

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.na/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: ru‧na

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rún (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Noun

runa f

1. rune

Declension

Related terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

runa n

1. inflection of runo:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Further reading

• runa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:

runas

Wikipedia ^pt

Etymology

Borrowed from French rune, from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ru‧na

Noun

runa f (plural runas)

1. rune

Related terms

• rúnico

References

Quechua

Noun

runa

1. man
2. person, human being

Declension

Descendants

• → Spanish: runa

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rûːna/
• Hyphenation: ru‧na

Noun

rȗna f (Cyrillic spelling ру̑на)

1. rune

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

runa (Cyrillic spelling руна)

1. genitive singular of runo

References

• “runa” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:

runa

Wikipedia ^sk

Etymology

Derived from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ru‧na

Noun

runa f (genitive singular runy, nominative plural runy, genitive plural rún, declension pattern of žena)

1. rune

Declension

Derived terms

• runový

References

• “runa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruna/
• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: ru‧na

Etymology 1

Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:

runa

Wikipedia ^es

Borrowed from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Noun

runa f (plural runas)

1. rune

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Quechua runa (“man”).

Noun

runa m (plural runas)

1. (colloquial, in Quechua communities) man

Etymology 3

Adjective

runa

1. feminine singular of runo

Further reading

• “runa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

runor

Wikipedia ^sv

Etymology

From Old Swedish run, from Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Noun

runa c

1. a rune ((representation of a) letter of the runic alphabet)
2. (often in compounds) an obituary (brief biography of a recently deceased person, usually written by a journalist and published in a newspaper)
3. a rune (Finnic epic poem)

Declension

Derived terms

References

• runa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• runa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• runa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• uran, urna