runger

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Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

Latin rūmigāre.

Verb

runger

  1. to gnaw (to chew)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of runger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive runger avoir rungé
gerund en runjant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle runjant
past participle rungé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present runge runges runge runjons rungez rungent
imperfect runjoie, rungeie, runjoe, rungeve runjoies, rungeies, runjoes, rungeves runjoit, rungeit, runjot, rungeve rungiiens, rungiens rungiiez, rungiez runjoient, rungeient, runjoent, rungevent
preterite runjai runjas runja runjames runjastes rungerent
future rungerai rungeras rungera rungerons rungeroiz, rungereiz, rungerez rungeront
conditional rungeroie, rungereie rungeroies, rungereies rungeroit, rungereit rungeriiens, rungeriens rungeriiez, rungeriez rungeroient, rungereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present runge runges runge runjons rungez rungent
imperfect runjasse runjasses runjast rungissons, rungissiens rungissoiz, rungissez, rungissiez runjassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— runge — runjons rungez —

Descendants

  • Middle French: ronger, rungier, ringer
  • Norman: runger
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