rushwa

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic رُشْوَة (rušwa).

Noun

rushwa (n class, plural rushwa)

  1. bribe, kickback
    Synonyms: hongo, (Kenya) chai, (Kenya) kitu kidogo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

-rushwa (infinitive kurushwa)

  1. Passive form of -rusha
Conjugation
Conjugation of -rushwa
Positive present -narushwa
Subjunctive -rushwe
Negative -rushwi
Imperative singular rushwa
Infinitives
Positive kurushwa
Negative kutorushwa
Imperatives
Singular rushwa
Plural rushweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurushwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -lirushwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kurushwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narushwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninarushwa/narushwa tunarushwa
2nd person unarushwa mnarushwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarushwa wanarushwa
other classes positive subject concord + -narushwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -rushwi)
Singular Plural
1st person sirushwi haturushwi
2nd person hurushwi hamrushwi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) harushwi hawarushwi
other classes negative subject concord + -rushwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarushwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -tarushwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rushwe)
Singular Plural
1st person nirushwe turushwe
2nd person urushwe mrushwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arushwe warushwe
other classes positive subject concord + -rushwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirushwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerushwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerushwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirushwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirushwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arushwa)
Singular Plural
1st person narushwa twarushwa
2nd person warushwa mwarushwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arushwa warushwa
m-mi(III/IV) warushwa yarushwa
ji-ma(V/VI) larushwa yarushwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) charushwa vyarushwa
n(IX/X) yarushwa zarushwa
u(XI) warushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwarushwa
pa(XVI) parushwa
mu(XVIII) mwarushwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -merushwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -mesharushwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarushwa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kirushwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -siporushwa
Consecutive karushwa / positive subject concord + -karushwa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karushwe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nirushwa -turushwa
2nd person -kurushwa -warushwa/-kurushweni/-warushweni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrushwa -warushwa
m-mi(III/IV) -urushwa -irushwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lirushwa -yarushwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirushwa -virushwa
n(IX/X) -irushwa -zirushwa
u(XI) -urushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kurushwa
pa(XVI) -parushwa
mu(XVIII) -murushwa
Reflexive -jirushwa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rushwa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -rushwaye -rushwao
m-mi(III/IV) -rushwao -rushwayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -rushwalo -rushwayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -rushwacho -rushwavyo
n(IX/X) -rushwayo -rushwazo
u(XI) -rushwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -rushwako
pa(XVI) -rushwapo
mu(XVIII) -rushwamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rushwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yerushwa -orushwa
m-mi(III/IV) -orushwa -yorushwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lorushwa -yorushwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorushwa -vyorushwa
n(IX/X) -yorushwa -zorushwa
u(XI) -orushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -korushwa
pa(XVI) -porushwa
mu(XVIII) -morushwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.