sḫd

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See also: shd, sḥd, and sḥḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

Prefixed with s-.

Pronunciation

Verb

sx
d
A29

 caus. 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to invert

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫd (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sḫd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sḫdt, sḫd
sḫdw, sḫd
sḫdt
sḫd
sḫd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sḫd
ḥr sḫd
m sḫd
r sḫd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sḫd.n
sḫdw, sḫd
consecutive sḫd.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sḫdt
perfective3 sḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 sḫd.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sḫdw, sḫd, sḫdy
sḫdw, sḫd, sḫdy
potentialis1 sḫd.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sḫd.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective sḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
sḫd
sḫd, sḫdw5, sḫdy5
imperfective sḫd, sḫdy, sḫdw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
sḫd, sḫdj6, sḫdy6
sḫd, sḫdw5
prospective sḫd, sḫdtj7
sḫdwtj1 4, sḫdtj4, sḫdt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 158, 290.