sḫdḫd

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Egyptian

Etymology

Reduplication of sḫd (to invert), itself prefixed with s-.

Pronunciation

Verb

sx
d
x
d
A29

 caus. 4-lit.

  1. (transitive) to invert

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫdḫd (causative quadriliteral / caus. 4-lit. / caus. 4rad.) — base stem: sḫdḫd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sḫdḫd
sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd
sḫdḫdt
sḫdḫd
sḫdḫd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sḫdḫd
ḥr sḫdḫd
m sḫdḫd
r sḫdḫd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sḫdḫd.n
sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd
consecutive sḫdḫd.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sḫdḫdt
perfective3 sḫdḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 sḫdḫd.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sḫdḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy
sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy
potentialis1 sḫdḫd.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sḫdḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sḫdḫd.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective sḫdḫd
active + .tj1, .tw2
sḫdḫd
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdw5, sḫdḫdy5
imperfective sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy, sḫdḫdw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdj6, sḫdḫdy6
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdw5
prospective sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdtj7
sḫdḫdwtj1 4, sḫdḫdtj4, sḫdḫdt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 158.