sống

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Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋʔ (“back of the blade”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋʔ ~ *ruuŋ() ~ *ruəŋ() (“ridge; spine; back”); cognate with North Central Vietnamese trống, Bahnar rŏng (“behind, in back of”).

Noun

sống • (𦡠, 𧚠, 𩩇, 𩩖, 𬴑)

  1. (chiefly in compounds) a spine
    thấy lạnh sống lưng ― to feel the chills down one's spine
    sống núi ngầm ― underwater mountain ridge
    dây sống ― the spinal cord
    cột sống ― the vertebral column
    xương sống ― the spine
    đốt sống ― a vertebra
See also
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋʔ (“alive; raw”), cognate with Muong khống.

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠸙, composed of 古 (MC kuX) + 弄 (MC luwngH) (modern SV: cổ lộng), ⿱古弄, composed of 古 (MC kuX) + 弄 (MC luwngH) (modern SV: cổ lộng) and 弄 (MC luwngH) (modern SV: lộng).

Verb

sống • (𤯩, 𠸙, 𤯨, 𫪹)

  1. to live
    sự sống ― life
See also
Derived terms

Adjective

sống • (𤯩, 𩀳, 𪁇)

  1. living
    Antonym: chết
    người sống ― the living
  2. alive
    Hắn còn sống.
    He's still alive.
  3. live
    ăn tươi nuốt sống ― to eat something (a)live; (figurative) to enslave or exploit inhumanely
  4. raw
    Antonym: chín
    rau sống ― raw vegetables
  5. undercooked
    Antonym: chín
    cơm sống ― undercooked rice

Etymology 3

Adjective

sống

  1. Northern Vietnam form of trống (“male”)
    • 1920, Nguyễn Can Mộng, “Bài 48”, in Nam học Hán văn khoá bản:
      雄 Hùng = chim sống, oiseau mâle.
      雄 Hùng = a male bird, oiseau mâle.
    • 1934, Nhất Linh, Đầu đường xó chợ:
      Vừa nói đến đấy thì nghe bên nhà tôi có tiếng người nói to, con dỏ nhà tôi chạy ra ngơ ngác như tìm một vật gì. Tôi hỏi thì nó trả lời:
      — Nhà mất con gà, con gà sống thiến to nhất...
      As soon as I said that, I heard a loud voice coming from the house, then my little daughter ran out looking bewildered as if searching for something. When I asked, she said:
      —A chicken has gone missing, our biggest castrated rooster...
Derived terms
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