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s- in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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English
Etymology 1
Abbreviation of scalar (“particle with spin 0”).
Pronunciation
Prefix
s-
- (physics) Subatomic particles with a spin (quantum angular momentum) of 0, predicted by supersymmetry; the bosonic equivalent of known fermions.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Abbreviation of sec- (“secondary”).
Pronunciation
Prefix
s-
- (organic chemistry) secondary form
- Synonym: sec-
- Coordinate terms: (normal form) n-, (tertiary form) t-
Albanian
Prefix
s-
- intensifier
Cayuga
Alternative forms
Prefix
s-
- second person agent pronominal prefix; you
References
- Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 54
Czech
Etymology
s used as a prefix.
Prefix
s-
- a prefix, usually indicating either movement together or movement downwards
- direction from top down
- s- + jít → sejít
- Sešel dolů. ― He came down.
- direction toward the middle
- s- + jít → sejít
- Sejdeme se zítra. ― We will gather tomorrow.
Antonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- s- in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- s(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Egyptian
Etymology
From Proto-Afroasiatic *s- (causative prefix).
Pronunciation
Prefix
- Used to form a causative verb from a non-causative verb.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of s-
Derived terms
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 157.
Italian
Etymology
In most cases, this prefix stems from Latin ex- (see ex). In some cases, it stems from Latin dis-.
Pronunciation
Prefix
s-
- used to form words that have an opposing sense: un-, in-
- s- + fatto (“done”, “made”) → sfatto (“(of a bed) unmade”)
- used to form verbs that have a sense of undoing an action: de-, dis-, un-
- s- + gancio (“hook”) → sganciare (“to unhook”)
- s- + borsa (“bag”) → sborsare (“to disburse”)
- used to express a pejorative sense
- s- + bocca (“mouth”) → sboccato (“foul-mouthed”)
- used to form verbs with a sense of exit, separation: dis-, ex-, trans-
- s- + buco (“hole”) → sbucare (“to pop out”)
- s- + confine (“boundary”) → sconfinare (“to stray away from”)
- used in a privative sense: a-, de-, un-
- s- + buccia (“skin”, “peel”) → sbucciare (“to peel”)
- s- + fame (“hunger”) → sfamare (“to feed”, “to satiate”)
- used to derive verbs from a noun, adjective or verb
- s- + bianco (“white”) → sbiancare (“to whiten or bleach”)
- s- + gocciola (“droplet”) → sgocciolare (“to drip”)
- used as an intensifier
- s- + cacciare (“to hunt”, “to drive away”) → scacciare (“to expel”, “to drive away”)
- reduced form of dis-
- discendere (“to descend”) → scendere
Usage notes
- Often used to prefix words beginning with a consonant. Dis- rather than s- is often preferred before vowels.
Derived terms
See also
References
- ^ Migliorini, Bruno with Aldo Duro (1950) “s-”, in Prontuario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Paravia
Javanese
Etymology
Inherited from Old Javanese sa-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
Prefix
s-
- one
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Lushootseed
Prefix
s-
- Added to a verb to form a noun.
- s- + ʔəɬəd (“eat”) → sʔəɬəd (“food”)
Maltese
Pronunciation
Article
s-
- Alternative form of il-
Usage notes
- Used after a vowel and before the letter s. For details on usage, see the main lemma.
Mohawk
Alternative forms
- se- (before n-, r-, w-, and ’-stems)
Prefix
s-
- pronominal prefix for
- you _____
Alternative forms
-
|
Initial consonant
|
Environment |
t/s/h/k |
n/r/w/’ |
a |
e/en |
o/on |
i |
y
|
Word-Initial
|
s- |
se- |
s- |
s- |
s- |
ts- |
ts-
|
Prefix
s-
- singulative noun prefix
- iterative verb prefix
References
- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 146, 344
Neapolitan
Etymology
Inherited from Latin ex-.
Prefix
s-
- privative or negative affix that attaches to verbs
Derived terms
Old Irish
Prefix
s- (class A infixed pronoun, triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others)
- her (object pronoun)
- them
Derived terms
See also
Old Irish affixed pronouns
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person
|
Infixed
|
Suffixed
|
Class A
|
Class B
|
Class C
|
1 sing.
|
m-L
|
dom-L, dam-L
|
-um
|
2 sing.
|
t-L
|
dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L
|
-ut
|
3 sing. m.
|
a-N, e-N
|
d-N
|
id-N, did-N, d-N
|
-i, -it
|
3 sing. f.
|
s-(N)
|
da-
|
-us
|
3 sing. n.
|
a-L, e-L
|
d-L
|
id-L, did-L, d-L
|
-i, -it
|
1 pl.
|
n-
|
don-, dun-, dan-
|
-unn
|
2 pl.
|
b-
|
dob-, dub-, dab-
|
-uib
|
3 pl.
|
s-(N)
|
da-
|
-us
|
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.
|
Old Polish
Pronunciation
Prefix
s-
- Alternative form of z-
Derived terms
Oneida
Prefix
s-
- second person agent pronominal prefix; you
References
- Floyd Lounsbury (1953) Oneida Verb Morphology, Yale University Press, pages 59-60
Polish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s/
- Syllabification: s
Prefix
s-
- used before voiceless consonants to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect
- s- + całkować → scałkować
- s- + chłodzić → schłodzić
- used before voiceless consonants to mean "in a downward direction"
- s- + chodzić → schodzić
- used before voiceless consonants to mean "off, off the surface of", "away from", or "out of"
- Antonym: na-
- s- + chodzić → schodzić
Derived terms
Further reading
- s- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
- sa- (before affricates, fricatives and certain consonant clusters)
Prefix
s- (Cyrillic spelling с-)
- Prepended to verbs, usually forming a perfective from an imperfective verb.
- s- + pùstiti → spùstiti
- s- + znȁti → sàznati
- s- + lòmiti → slòmiti
- s- + glȅdati → sàgledati
- s- + kȕpiti → skȕpiti
- s- + klòniti → sklòniti
- s- + náći → snȃći
Derived terms
References
- “s-” in Hrvatski jezični portal