sad

Translingual

Symbol

sad

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sandawe.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“sated, full”), from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”). Cognate to West Frisian sêd, Dutch zat, German satt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sæd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æd

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

1. (heading) Emotionally negative.
   1. Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.

      She gets sad when he's away.

      • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , page 219, column 2:

        Firſt were we ſad, fearing you would not come, / Now ſadder that you come ſo vnprouided: […]

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. , London: [Samuel Simmons], , →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: , London: Basil Montagu Pickering , 1873, →OCLC, line 18:

        […] Th’ Angelic Guards aſcended, mute and ſad […]

   2. Appearing sorrowful.

      The puppy had a sad little face.

      • 2010 February, Eric Rentschler, Itoh's Ghost‎, iUniverse, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 54:

        We need a sad man. Give us a sad man.” Tomo gave the look of a sad man, then followed with the body of a sad man. “That's it, more of that. can you manufacture a mole right here? Yes, a very ugly mole. Right here, on the chin. […]

   3. Causing sorrow; lamentable.

      It's a sad fact that most rapes go unreported.

      • 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse:

        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.

      • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

        The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.

   4. Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.

      That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.

      • 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: Thomas Davison, , →OCLC, canto II, stanza CXXVII, page 182:

        Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / A sad old fellow was he, if you please […].

   5. Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
      • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Compendiously of Sundry Other Common Tenents, Concerning Minerall and Terreous Bodies, Which Examined, Prove Either False or Dubious”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: , 2nd edition, London: A Miller, for Edw Dod and Nath Ekins, , →OCLC, 2nd book, page 69:

        […] this is either uſed crude, and called ſulphur vive, and is of a ſadder colour; or after depuration, ſuch as we have in magdeleons or rols of a lighter yellow.

      • 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson:

        sad-coloured clothes

      • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. , 2nd edition, London: J H for H Mortlock , and J Robinson , published 1708, →OCLC:

        Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.

2. (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
3. (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
   • 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw , Act I:

     The fearefull newes that whilſt the flame doth but begin,
     Sad pollicie may ſerue to quench the fire: […]

4. (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Clerke of Oxenfordes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, , →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, , : [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes , 1542, →OCLC, folio xlix, verso, column 2, line 4:

     […] ſadde and rype corage […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1509, Sebastian Brant, translated by Alexander Barclay, The Ship of Fools,:

     Therfore it nedeth that better prouysion.
     Were founde for youthe by sad and wyse counsayle

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. , London: [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, page 348:

     Vproſe Sir Guyon, in bright armour clad, / And to his purpoſd iourney him prepar'd: / With him the Palmer eke in habit ſad, / Him ſelfe addreſt to that aduenture hard: […]

5. (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
   • 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:

     Mr. Santon laughed, and merely said,—"Oh, you cruel beauty!" returning to his paper again; but, seated in the bay-window was one, who could not thus lightly look upon the conduct of the coquettish Winnie, for it was evident she was a sad coquette.

   • 1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay III. Modern Advancements and Lay Inventors.”, in Ultimate Civilization and Other Essays, London: Bell and Daldy , →OCLC, section IX, page 227:

     In ſuch places, it would not be doubted, that a grim Daniel Scroggins, and an aproned Sam Smith, might be found—ſad tipſy fellows, both of them, to whoſe ingenuity this or that mechanical improvement had been due.

6. (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.

   I can't believe you use drugs; you're so sad!

7. (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
8. (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.

   sad bread

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. , London: [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 30, page 299:

     […] his hand, more ſad then lomp of lead, […]

   • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. , 2nd edition, London: J H for H Mortlock , and J Robinson , published 1708, →OCLC:

     Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.

Synonyms

• (feeling mentally uncomfortable): discomforted, distressed, uncomfortable, unhappy
• (low in spirits): depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy
• (moving, full of feeling): poignant, touching
• (causing sorrow): lamentable
• (poor in quality): pitiful, sorry
• See also Thesaurus:sad
• See also Thesaurus:lamentable

Antonyms

• happy
• cheerful
• gleeful, upbeat
• decent

Derived terms

Related terms

• sadden

Translations

Further reading

• “sad”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “sad”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Verb

sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)

1. (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
   • 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia

     My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

Etymology 2

Noun

sad (plural sads)

1. Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”)

Anagrams

• ADS, ADs, ASD, AdS, Ads, DA's, DAS, DAs, DSA, SDA, ads, das

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: sad

Adverb

sad

1. (focus) also; too
2. (after a negative) either

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

sad

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech sad, from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Noun

sad m inan

1. orchard

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sad

1. genitive plural of sada

Further reading

• sad in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• sad in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• sad in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Verb

sad

1. past of sidde

Gothic

Romanization

sad

1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌳

Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) sa'd

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sato.

Noun

sad

1. precipitation (hail, rain, snow)

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian сад (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ, “plant, garden”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

sad m inan

1. fruit (food)

Declension

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English sæd, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-.

Alternative forms

• saad, sadd, zed
• sæd, sead, sed (Early Middle English)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sad/, /saːd/

Adjective

sad (plural and weak singular sadde, comparative saddere, superlative saddest)

1. sated, weary (having had enough)
2. firm, solid, hard:
   1. steady, enduring
   2. intense, powerful, severe
   3. secure (inspiring trust)
   4. dense, thick, tightly-packed
3. considered, thoughtful, serious
4. sad (inspiring or having sorrow)
5. authentic, true, genuine
6. (of colors) dark, deep

Related terms

• saden
• sadnesse
• sadly

Descendants

• English: sad
• Scots: sad

Adverb

sad (comparative saddere)

1. firmly, solidly, steadily
2. strongly, intensely
3. seriously, consideredly
4. sadly (in a sorrowful way)

Descendants

• English: sad (dialectal)
• Scots: sad

References

• “sā̆d, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Noun

sad

1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of seed (“seed”)

Etymology 3

Verb

sad

1. Alternative form of saden

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Adjective

sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)

1. full, sated, satiated
2. weary

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German sat

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

sad

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sat/

• Audio 1

  (file)

• Audio 2

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: sad

Noun

sad m inan (diminutive sadek, related adjective sadowy)

1. (agriculture, horticulture) orchard (land for cultivation of fruit or nut trees)

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Related terms

Further reading

• sad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ).

Noun

sad n (plural saduri)

1. (dated) orchard

Declension

Scots

Etymology

From Old English sæd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑd/

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)

1. grave, serious
2. strange, remarkable
3. sad

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sьda, *sьgoda.

Alternative forms

• sȁda

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sâd/

Adverb

sȁd (Cyrillic spelling са̏д)

1. now
2. currently
3. presently

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ. Compare Russian сад (sad).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sâːd/

Noun

sȃd m (Cyrillic spelling са̑д)

1. plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
2. a seeding or sapling from a plant nursery

Declension

References

• “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:

sad

Wikipedia ^sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

sad m inan (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)

1. garden, orchard, plantation

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• “sad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Alternative forms

• ſad (Bohorič alphabet)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sȃdъ (“plant, garden”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sādas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sáːt/
• Rhymes: -aːt
• Hyphenation: sad
• Homophone: sat

Noun

sȃd m inan

1. (archaic or literary) fruit

   Synonyms: sadež, plod

2. (literary) result, outcome

   Synonyms: rezultat, izraz, odraz, pridobitev, otrok, output, posledica, produkt, plod

3. (obsolete) child, young direct offspring

   Synonyms: otrok, dete, froc, malček, otroček, otročič, otročiček, otrokec, pamž, pestovanček, pestovanec, spestovanec

   Antonyms: starš, roditelj, rodnik, starši

   Zdrava, Marija, milosti polna, Gospod je s Teboj, blagoslovljena si med ženami in blagoslovljen je sad Tvojega telesa Jezus. ― Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.

4. (literary, rare) consequence

   Synonyms: posledica, nasledek, nastopek, posledek, plod

Usage notes

Unlike plod, sad is used more when the edibility is stressed, rather than the seeds it contains.

Declension

n=

n=

Derived terms

See also

• seme
• klas

Further reading

• “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “sad”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian صد (sad).

Numeral

sad

1. hundred

Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

Noun

sad

1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ص

Alternative forms

• sat

Wakhi

Etymology

Compare Tajik сад (sad).

Numeral

sad

1. hundred