sal

Translingual

Symbol

sal

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Salishan languages.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sal, from Latin sal. Doublet of salt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sæl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

sal (uncountable)

1. (chemistry, obsolete) Salt.

Usage notes

Was used predominantly to form the names of various chemical compounds.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

Alternative forms

• shaal, shala, saul

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sal (plural sals)

1. Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree.
   • 1989, Thomas Weber, Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement, page 18:

     As the sals were cut in the lower foothill districts the loggers looked towards the mountains in their search for other hardwood timber.

Translations

See also

• sal sac

Etymology 3

Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of translingual Si (silicon) +‎ Al (aluminum).

Alternative forms

• Sal

Noun

sal (uncountable)

1. (geology) Alternative form of sial
   • 1923 March, G. Vibert Douglas, A.V. Douglas, “Note on the Interpretation of the Wegener Frequency Curve”, in Geological Magazine‎, volume 60, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, page 108:

     Wegener bases his theory of the drifting continents on the assumption that there are two distinct levels to be taken into account, the surface of the masses of "sal" which form the continents and the surface of the "sima" in which they float.

References

Anagrams

• ALS, ALs, ASL, LAs, LSA, SLA, a/s/l, al's, als, asl, las

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch zal, singular of zullen, from Middle Dutch sullen, from Old Dutch *sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

sal (present sal, past sou)

1. shall, will

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin sal.

Noun

sal f

1. salt

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “sal”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

Asturian

Asturian Wikipedia has an article on:

sal

Wikipedia ^ast

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

sal m (plural sales)

1. salt

Azerbaijani

sal (sense 1)

sal (sense 1)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

2. raft (wooden)

Declension

Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Turkic *sal- (“throw, lower, put; heavy”); see Azerbaijani salmaq.

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

2. monolith (a large, single block of stone)

Declension

Adjective

sal (comparative daha sal, superlative ən sal)

1. whole, unbroken, of one piece

Verb

sal

1. second-person singular imperative of salmaq

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Persian سال.

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

1. (Classical Azerbaijani) year

   Synonyms: il, sənə, am

Declension

Further reading

• “sal” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan sal, from Latin sāl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

• Audio (Catalonia)

  (file)

Noun

sal f (plural sals)

1. salt

Related terms

• salar

References

• “sal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “sal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “sal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “sal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chairel

Noun

sal

1. sun

References

• W. McCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill tribes with a comparative vocabulary of the Munnipore and other languages (1859, Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company)

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish sal (“salt”).

Noun

sal

1. salt

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, cognate with German Saal, Dutch zaal. The Germanic word was borrowed to French salon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

sal c (singular definite salen, plural indefinite sale)

1. hall, room
2. floor (storey of a building)

   Synonym: etage

Declension

Derived terms

• retssal

Further reading

• “sal” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “sal” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

• Audio

  (file)

Interjection

sal

1. (text messaging) Abbreviation of saluton (“hello”).

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

sal f

1. salt

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Compare Portuguese sal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

sal m (plural sales)

1. salt

   No camiño me colleno co'aquelas pedras de sal que o sol fixo de agua doce misturada coa do mar.

   In the way, I picked up with those salt stones that the sun made from fresh water mixed with sea water.

Derived terms

• saleiro

Related terms

• As Saíñas

References

• “sal” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “sal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “sal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “sal” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “sal” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sal

1. sun, day, daytime
2. a 24 hour period
3. weather
4. classifier for days

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Kabuverdianu sal.

Noun

sal

1. salt

Icelandic

Noun

sal

1. indefinite accusative singular of salur
2. indefinite dative singular of salur

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal (first-person possessive salku, second-person possessive salmu, third-person possessive salnya)

1. a large room, hall
2. (healthcare, medicine) ward

Synonyms

• bangsal

Further reading

• “sal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Noun

sal (plural sales)

1. salt (substance consisting of positive and negative ions)

Related terms

• salin

Irish

Noun

sal f (genitive singular saile) or
sal m (genitive singular sail)

1. Alternative form of sail (“dirt; stain”)

Declension

As masculine first-declension noun:

As feminine second-declension noun:

Mutation

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

sal ?

1. salt

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole sal.

Noun

sal

1. salt

Proper noun

sal

1. (Sal) Sal
2. One of the ten islands of Cape Verde

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.

Noun

sal

1. raft

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “sal”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.

Cognates include Sanskrit सर (sará), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Tocharian A sāle, Old English sealt (English salt), Proto-Slavic *solь and borrowed into Etruscan 𐌀𐌋𐌑𐌀𐌔𐌄 (alśase).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /saːl/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sal/,

Noun

sāl m or n (genitive salis); third declension

1. salt

   cum grānō salis ― with a grain of salt

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.337–338:

     ante, deōs hominī quod conciliāre valēret,
     fār erat et pūrī lūcida mīca salis

     • 1851 translation by H. T. Riley

       In days of old, it was plain spelt, and the sparkling grain of unadulterated salt that had efficacy to render the gods propitious to man.

2. (figurative) wit
3. (poetic) brine, salt water, the sea
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.35:

     vēla dabant laetī, et spūmās salis aere ruēbant

     were gladly spreading their sails, and churning the foam of the salt water with their bronze .

Usage notes

• Sāl is occasionally found as a neuter noun in the singular. The gender is observable only from agreement in the nominative case, and from agreement and the use of sāl (neuter) vs. salem (masculine) in the accusative case. The neuter nominative and accusative singular form can alternatively be sale, e.g. in Ennius Ann. 385 and Varro d. Non. 223, 17. In the nominative and accusative plural, the word is found only in the masculine gender, with the form salēs.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Derived terms

• salō
• salio
• sāl petrae (stone salt; that is, found as an incrustation)

Descendants

References

• “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sal in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic صَالَ (ṣāla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saːl/

Verb

sal (imperfect jsul, past participle misul)

1. to rear up

Conjugation

Middle Dutch

Verb

sal

1. first/third-person singular present indicative of sullen

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sal f

1. year

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:

sal

Wikipedia ^nb

Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)

1. a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull.

Alternative forms

• sadel

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)

1. saddle

Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal.

Noun

sal n

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1981; superseded by salg

References

• “sal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)

1. a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)

1. a saddle

Related terms

• sala, sale

Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal (“payment”).

Noun

sal n (definite singular salet, indefinite plural sal, definite plural sala)

1. a sale

Related terms

• selja, selje
• marknad

References

• “sal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• als-, las, sla

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sail, from Proto-Germanic *sailą (“rope”).

Cognate with Old Saxon sēl (Dutch zeel), Old High German seil (German Seil).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sāl m

1. rope, cord, rein

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: sal, sole, soole
  • Scots: sale, saill, saile, seill, seale
  • English: sole

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem. Cognate with Old Spanish sal f and Old French sel m.

Noun

sal m

1. salt

Descendants

• Galician: sal m
• Portuguese: sal m (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "sal"

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *salā.

Noun

sal f (genitive saile)

1. dirt
2. filth, stain
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92^d12

     .i. ní do is ainm du grés pullutum dun elled ass·lentar huanaib salaib corpt[h]aib acht is ainm cac[h] la cein du cach escmun as·lentar hua drochgnimaib.

     It is not for that the term pollutum refers to pollution whereby one is defiled by bodily stains; other times, it is also a term for every impure one who is defiled by bad deeds.

Inflection

Related terms

• salach

Descendants

• Irish: sail
• Scottish Gaelic: sal

Mutation

References

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Noun

sal

1. accusative/dative singular of salr

Old Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem m. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese sal m and Old French sel m.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal/

Noun

sal f (plural sales)

1. salt
   • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 61r:

     Et ſu p̃priedat es de aborrecer la ſal tanto que biẽ parece que a entramas grand enemiztat. ca ſi las ponen en uno. quiebra la piedra ⁊ mueles; ⁊ la ſal pierde la ſalgadumbre que a en ella.

     And its property is that it loathes salt so much that it would seem that there is a great enmity between them both, for if they are placed together, the stone breaks, and the salt loses all the saltiness within.

Related terms

• salado
• salgadumbre
• salgadura

Descendants

• Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal m or f

1. salt

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: sal

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem (“salt, wit”). Compare Galician sal.

Noun

sal m (plural sais)

1. salt (sodium chloride, a substance used as a condiment and preservative)

   Synonyms: cloreto de sódio, sal de cozinha

2. (chemistry) salt (any compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base)
3. (usually in the plural) bath salt (any of several inorganic salts sometimes added to bath water)

   Synonym: sal de banho

4. (figurative) wit; the quality of being engaging

   Synonym: graça

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: sal
• Kabuverdianu: sal

Etymology 2

Noun

sal m (plural sais)

1. (rare) sal (Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree)

Rohingya

Alternative forms

• 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢 (sal) — Hanifi Rohingya script

Noun

sal (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢)

1. roof

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شال (Turkish şal, from Persian شال (šâl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal n (plural saluri)

1. (rare) shawl, scarf

   Synonym: șal

Declension

Etymology 2

Shortened form of salut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa(ː)l/

Interjection

sal!

1. (informal) hey!

   Synonym: salut

2. (informal) bye!

   Synonyms: salut, pa

Romansch

Alternative forms

• sel (Puter)

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

sal m

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) salt

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal/
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: sal

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish sal, from Latin salem (compare Catalan sal f, French sel m, Italian sale m, Portuguese sal m, Romanian sare f; also English salt). It is not known how the noun became feminine.

Noun

sal f (plural sales)

1. salt; table salt

   Synonyms: sal común, sal de mesa

2. (chemistry) salt
3. (Central America, Mexico, Dominican Republic) bad luck, misfortune

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• → Navajo: sáál
• Papiamentu: salu
• → Ye'kwana: saayu

Etymology 2

Verb

sal

1. second-person singular imperative of salir

Further reading

• “sal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Sumerian

Romanization

sal

1. Romanization of 𒊩 (sal)

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel-.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Noun

sal c

1. a large room, a hall (often for more-or-less public activities)

   föreläsningssal

   lecture hall

   skolans matsal

   the school's dining hall

Declension

Related terms

• hörsal
• läsesal
• matsal

References

• sal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• als

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian سال (sāl).

Noun

sal

1. year

Tocharian B

Adjective

sal

1. dirty

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑɫ/

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish صال (sal, “raft; wine press”), from Proto-Turkic *sāl (“raft”). Cognate with Kazakh сал (sal). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

1. raft

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish سل (sal, sel), from Arabic سَلَّ (salla, “to draw, to unsheathe”).

Verb

sal

1. second-person singular imperative of salmak

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sal”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2647

Venetian

Alternative forms

• sale

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

Venetian Wikipedia has an article on:

sal

Wikipedia ^vec

sal m (plural sałi)

1. salt (sodium chloride, non-chemical usage)

Noun

sal m (plural sali)

1. (chemistry) salt

Volapük

Noun

sal (nominative plural sals)

1. salt

Declension